Understanding Key Concepts

What does the word “congestion” mean in the context of the essay?

• Pollution

• Population

• Traffic jam

• Development

Which sentence correctly uses the structure “not only... but also...”?

• He not only tired but also hungry.

• Not only he is tired but also hungry.

• He is not only tired but also hungry.

• Not only tired, also hungry.

Which of the following words is closest in meaning to “infrastructure”?

• Environment

• Buildings and roads

• Lifestyle

• Transportation habits

Which of these cities is NOT mentioned as an example in the essay?

• Jakarta

• Mexico City

• Beijing

• Tokyo

The phrase “in response” is used to:

• Show surprise

• Introduce a cause

• Introduce a reaction

• Connect unrelated ideas

What does the word “sustainable” most likely mean?

• Temporary

• Expensive

• Environmentally friendly

• Limited

Which structure expresses a cause-effect relationship?

• S + like + V-ing

• such as + noun

• lead to + noun/V-ing

• in addition + clause

Choose the correct sentence using the structure “as..., S + V”.

• As he works hard, he success.

• As population grows, cities change.

• As the road busy, traffic.

• As traffic is, pollution.

Which of the following best explains the word “sprawl” in the context of cities?

• Planned development

• Suburban shopping

• Uncontrolled urban expansion

• Economic policy

What is the main function of the conclusion in the essay?

• To list examples

• To introduce a new idea

• To restate thesis and give a solution

• To present city names