S2 Review-Biology

negative feedback loop

• A feedback loop that amplifies changes in a system.

• A feedback loop that maintains stability by counteracting changes.

• A feedback loop that has no effect on the system's state.

• A feedback loop that only occurs in biological systems.

interphase

• phase before mitosis; growth of cell and preparation for division

• phase of cell division where chromosomes are separated

• phase where the cell is inactive and not preparing for division

• phase where DNA is replicated and checked for errors

Carrier

• A person who has one recessive allele for a trait, but does not have the trait.

• A person who expresses a dominant trait and has two dominant alleles.

• A person who has two recessive alleles for a trait and expresses the trait.

• A person who has no alleles for a trait and cannot pass it on.

Heterozygous

• Having two identical alleles for a trait

• Having two different alleles for a trait

• Having no alleles for a trait

• Having one dominant and one recessive allele for a trait

Chromosomes condense, and homologous chromosomes pair up, forming tetrads. Crossing over occurs, exchanging genetic material between non-sister chromatids

• Prophase I

• Metaphase II

• Anaphase I

• Telophase II

Meiosis

• cell division producing gametes

• cell division producing somatic cells

• a type of asexual reproduction

• the process of DNA replication

prophase

• chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear envelope disappears, spindle fibers start to form

• chromosomes align at the cell's equator

• nuclear envelope reforms around the separated chromosomes

• chromatin is replicated and forms sister chromatids

Vacuoles

• stores water and nutrients

• produces energy

• transports proteins

• synthesizes DNA

Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides of each cell.

• Anaphase I

• Anaphase II

• Metaphase

• Telophase

Reactant

• Starting Material

• Final Product

• Catalyst

• Byproduct