Last Quiz in Ethics

A company implements a merit-based promotion system. However, data shows that employees from marginalized backgrounds are consistently underpromoted despite equal performance. Which principle of justice is most clearly violated?

• Retributive justice

• Procedural justice

• Distributive justice

• Compensatory justice

According to John Rawls’ theory of justice, which condition justifies inequality in the distribution of wealth?

• If it increases overall societal happiness

• If it incentivizes hard work

• If it benefits the least advantaged

• If it reflects individual effort

A policy grants healthcare benefits only to employed citizens, excluding unemployed individuals. From a fairness perspective rooted in egalitarianism, what is the primary ethical critique?

• It fails to recognize market dynamics

• It disproportionately rewards productivity

• It violates the moral equality of persons

• It promotes overdependence on the state

A student believes that punishing a cheating classmate is only fair if everyone caught cheating gets the same punishment. Which type of justice is this student advocating?

• Distributive

• Procedural

• Retributive

• Restorative

In a just society, according to Aristotle, distribution of goods should be based on:

• Equal shares for all

• Individual needs

• Merit and contribution

• Random lottery

Which scenario best reflects Rawls’ original position and the veil of ignorance?

• Citizens voting on tax reform based on current income

• Judges deciding sentencing guidelines after reviewing past cases

• Individuals designing social rules without knowing their own social status

• Politicians adjusting policies after public protests

Which of the following best contrasts utilitarian justice with Rawlsian justice?

• Utilitarianism prioritizes equality, while Rawls prioritizes liberty

• Utilitarianism seeks the greatest good, while Rawls prioritizes fairness to the least advantaged

• Rawls focuses on punishment, while utilitarianism focuses on merit

• Rawlsian justice allows discrimination, utilitarian justice does not

Which ethical issue is raised when two people commit the same crime, but one receives a harsher punishment due to racial bias in the system?

• Utilitarian failure

• Lack of distributive justice

• Violation of procedural justice

• Compensatory injustice

9. In moral reasoning, what is the main ethical argument for affirmative action policies?

• They incentivize competition

• They promote diversity at all costs

• They compensate for historical injustices

• They ensure random selection

A prison system emphasizes rehabilitation over punishment. Which theory of justice does this align with?

• Retributive

• Distributive

• Restorative

• Procedural