Petroleum Basics

What is petroleum pumped from underground commonly called?

• Natural gas

• Crude oil

• Diesel

• Kerosene

Suppose the total petroleum consumption in a country is 1,000,000 barrels. How many barrels are likely used for producing new substances such as medications and plastics?

• 70,000 barrels

• 40,000 barrels

• 890,000 barrels

• 10,000 barrels

What is the process called that produces several distinctive mixtures from petroleum?

• Crystallization

• Filtration

• Fractional distillation

• Chromatography

Which property is specific to the compounds in each fraction obtained from petroleum refining?

• Color

• Range of boiling points

• Density

• Melting point

Explain why the fractionating tower is designed with decreasing temperature from bottom to top.

• To allow lighter fractions to condense at the top and heavier fractions at the bottom

• To increase the boiling point of all fractions

• To mix all fractions together

• To prevent any condensation from occurring

If a region has a high percentage of world petroleum consumption but a low percentage of petroleum reserves, what might this imply about its energy security?

• The region is energy independent.

• The region may rely heavily on petroleum imports.

• The region does not use petroleum.

• The region has surplus petroleum to export.

Which alkane has the condensed formula CH3CH2CH2CH3?

• Methane

• Butane

• Pentane

• Hexane

Which of the following statements best describes how electrical charge can become unevenly distributed within a molecule?

• There are two major ways that electrical charge can become unevenly distributed within a molecule.

• Electrical charge is always evenly distributed within a molecule.

• Electrical charge can only be distributed by chemical reactions.

• Electrical charge distribution does not change within a molecule.

What happens when electrons "gather" or "pile-up" in certain regions of a molecule?

• Areas of instantaneous negative charge result near the electrons.

• The molecule becomes neutral.

• The atomic nuclei disappear.

• The molecule splits into two parts.

Explain why polar molecules have permanent partial charges and how this relates to their atomic structure.

• Because their atomic nuclei have different abilities to attract electrons, leading to uneven charge distribution

• Because they are always larger than nonpolar molecules

• Because they are only found in solid states

• Because they have more protons than electrons