Cuestionario sobre Discapacidad

What is the most appropriate term to refer to a person who has a disabilit

• Disabled person

• Person with a disability

• Handicapped

• Special needs person

Answer explanation

The term 'person with a disability' is preferred as it emphasizes the individual first, rather than defining them by their disability. This promotes respect and acknowledges their identity beyond the disability.

According to the WHO's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health

(ICF), which model of disability is most accepted and promotes inclusion?

• Medical model

• Exclusion model

• Social model

• Rehabilitation model

Answer explanation

The social model of disability understands that barriers are not within the person

but within society (attitudinal, physical, communication, etc.). It promotes the elimination of

these barriers to achieve full participation for people with disabilities. The other models tend

to blame the person or view disability as an illness that needs to be cured.

Which of the following statements is true regarding people with disabilities?

• All people with disabilities need wheelchairs.

• People with intellectual disabilities cannot

  learn new things.

• Visual impairment means total blindness in all cases.

• Disability is a

  diverse condition, and not all people with disabilities are the same.

Answer explanation

Disability is a broad and heterogeneous concept. There are many types and

degrees of disability (physical, sensory, intellectual, psychosocial, etc.), and within each

type, the experience is unique for each individual. It's crucial to avoid generalizations and stereotypes.

What does it mean for an environment to be "accessible" for people with disabilities?

• It has a ramp.

• It allows all people, regardless of their condition, to fully use and

  participate in it.

• It has Braille signage.

• It can only be used by people without disabilities.

Answer explanation

Accessibility goes beyond just a ramp. It means that physical spaces, products,

services, information, and communications can be used by all people, including those with

disabilities, in an autonomous and safe way. This includes everything from ramps and

elevators to accessible information formats and clear language.

If you see a person with a visual impairment trying to cross the street, what's the best way to

offer help?

• Grab their arm and cross with them without asking.

• Shout instructions to them from

  afar.

• Ask them if they need help and, if so, offer your elbow or arm for them to guide

  themselves.

• Ignore them, as they can probably manage on their own.

Answer explanation

It's always crucial to ask before acting. People with disabilities have the right to

decide whether or not they need help, and how they prefer to receive it. Offering your arm

allows the person with visual impairment to maintain their autonomy and decide the pace of walking.

What is "Universal Design"?

• A design that only benefits people with disabilities.

• The design of products and

  environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for

  adaptation or specialized design.

• A design that makes products more expensive.

• A

  design exclusively for older adults.

Answer explanation

Universal Design benefits everyone, not just people with disabilities. For

example, a ramp is useful for people in wheelchairs, but also for parents with strollers,people with heavy luggage, or older adults. Its goal is to create solutions that are inherently accessible and functional for human diversity.

Is it legal for a company to refuse to hire a person solely because they have a disability?

• Yes, companies have the right to hire whoever they want.

• No, it's a form of

  discrimination and goes against the law in many countries.

• It depends on the type of

  disability.

• Only if the disability completely prevents them from performing any task.

Answer explanation

Discrimination on the basis of disability in the workplace is prohibited by national

and international laws (such as the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities).

Companies must make reasonable accommodations to allow people with disabilities to perform their duties if they have the required qualifications.

Which of the following is a common attitudinal barrier towards people with disabilities?

• Lack of ramps in buildings.

• Information only in print format.

• The belief that people

  with disabilities are "inspiring" just for living their lives.

• Absence of sign language

  interpreters.

Answer explanation

Attitudinal barriers are prejudices, stereotypes, and negative attitudes that limit

the participation of people with disabilities.

"Inspiration by default" infantilizes people with

disabilities and puts them on an unreachable pedestal, ignoring their real struggles and

achievements. Options a, b, and d are physical or communication barriers, not attitudinal

ones.

What is meant by "reasonable accommodations" in the context of disability?

• Costly and unrealistic changes that companies must make.

• Necessary and appropriate

  modifications or adjustments that do not impose a disproportionate or undue burden, when

  required in a particular case, to guarantee persons with disabilities the enjoyment or

  exercise, on an equal basis, of all human rights and fundamental freedoms.

• Ofrecer a las personas con discapacidades un trato preferencial en todo momento.Offeringpeople with disabilities preferential treatment at all times.

• Limiting employment

  opportunities for people with disabilities.

Answer explanation

Reasonable accommodations are concrete measures to remove barriers that

prevent the participation of people with disabilities. They do not imply a disproportionate

cost, but rather practical and personalized solutions that allow for equal opportunities.

Which of the following statements promotes a more empowering and inclusive view of

disability?

• "They are an example of overcoming challenges."

• "People with disabilities need our

  pity."

• "We must work to eliminate societal barriers and ensure the full participation of

  people with disabilities."

• "They are a vulnerable group that always needs help."

Answer explanation

This statement recognizes that disability is a human rights issue and that the

responsibility for inclusion lies with society. Focusing on removing barriers and promoting

active participation is key to empowering people with disabilities and building a truly

equitable society.