DNA Gene Expression and Regulation

What is the function of ribosomes?

• Ribosomes are responsible for DNA replication.

• Ribosomes are the cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs, translating mRNA into polypeptide chains.

• Ribosomes help in the transport of nutrients across the cell membrane.

• Ribosomes are involved in the breakdown of waste materials in the cell.

What is DNA?

• A molecule that carries genetic instructions for life, composed of two strands forming a double helix.

• A type of protein that helps in cellular respiration.

• A carbohydrate that provides energy to cells.

• A lipid that stores energy in the body.

What is the significance of the promoter region in DNA?

• It is a sequence that initiates transcription of a particular gene, serving as a binding site for RNA polymerase.

• It is a region that codes for the protein synthesis directly.

• It is a sequence that regulates the replication of DNA.

• It is a part of the DNA that determines the genetic code.

What is the role of mRNA?

• mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

• mRNA is responsible for the replication of DNA.

• mRNA helps in the digestion of proteins in the stomach.

• mRNA transports amino acids to the nucleus for DNA synthesis.

What is the role of RNA polymerase?

• RNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription.

• RNA polymerase is responsible for DNA replication.

• RNA polymerase helps in the translation of proteins from RNA.

• RNA polymerase is involved in the repair of DNA strands.

What is a mutation?

• A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function, potentially affecting an organism's traits.

• A process that occurs only in viruses and bacteria.

• A type of genetic engineering used to create new species.

• A method of cell division that results in identical cells.

What is a codon?

• A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

• A type of protein that helps in DNA replication.

• A molecule that carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation.

• A sequence of nucleotides that codes for a specific type of RNA.

What is gene regulation?

• Gene regulation refers to the mechanisms that control the expression of genes, determining when and how much of a gene product is made.

• Gene regulation is the process by which genes are permanently turned off in an organism.

• Gene regulation involves the physical structure of DNA and its interaction with RNA.

• Gene regulation is the method by which proteins are synthesized in the cell.

What is the role of helicase in DNA replication?

• Helicase is the enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix, separating the two strands to allow for replication.

• Helicase is responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands during replication.

• Helicase repairs damaged DNA by sealing breaks in the strands.

• Helicase transports DNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis.

What is the difference between exons and introns?

• Exons are non-coding regions that are removed during RNA processing, while introns are coding regions of a gene that are expressed.

• Exons are coding regions of a gene that are expressed, while introns are non-coding regions that are removed during RNA processing.

• Exons are regions that do not contribute to protein synthesis, while introns are essential for gene expression.

• Exons are found only in prokaryotic cells, while introns are found only in eukaryotic cells.