Science Final Study Guide

Julia traveled to Hawaii with her parents for vacation. While they were there, she saw Kilauea, the world’s most active volcano, erupting. She watched as ash flew upward and lava flowed down its bare, rocky sides and into the ocean. Which three of Earth’s spheres were involved in this eruption?

• cryosphere

• hydrosphere

• geosphere

• atmosphere

• biosphere

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

As the hurricane season approached, Emma helped her mother check their supplies they kept in the event of a hurricane. Which two consequences can a severe storm such as a hurricane bring?

• severe flooding that can contaminate drinking water

• lack of necessary clothing from hurrying to pack

• not knowing that a severe storm was coming

• difficult travel due to flooding and wind damage

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-2

Olivia looked outside one morning and saw that the grass had moisture on the blades. She knew it had not rained the night before, so she wondered how the moisture had collected on the grass to form the dew. What conditions must exist for dew to form?

• Cool air grew cooler; air moisture would freeze and collect as dew on the grass as it condensed.

• Warm air grew warmer; the air would be able to hold more moisture and the excess collected as it condensed.

• Cool air warmed; the air would be able to held less moisture and cause the water vapor to condense.

• Warm air cooled; the air would be able to hold less moisture and cause the water vapor to condense.

There are several different types of land features on Earth formed from different processes. Which natural land feature was formed at a divergent boundary?

• Appalachian Mountains

• Africa's Rift Valley

• San Madrid Fault

• Florida Keys

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

Mason lived near the beach in Freeport, Texas. He liked watching the sand dunes change over the course of the year. When his family vacationed in New Mexico, he noticed some of the rocks looked carved and wondered what had done that. In what ways are rocks eroded and sand deposited?

• Rocks are eroded by the wind as loess and sand. Sand is deposited by deflation and abrasion.

• Rocks are eroded by deflation and abrasion. Sand is deposited by the wind as loess and as dunes.

• Rocks are eroded by tiny particles moving downward. Sand is deposited by erosion as dunes.

• Rocks are eroded by water and weathering. Sand is deposited by more weathering and water.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Mason lives in Arizona, a place that sometimes experiences extreme temperatures. He knows that air masses with different temperatures and humidity generally do not mix. Instead, they form a front. Which weather would likely result if a dry air mass overtook a cold air mass in his region?

• clouds and warmer temperatures

• heavy rain and warmer temperatures

• snow and cooler temperatures

• fog and cooler temperatures

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

A 2016 study found that nearly one-third of deaths in China are linked to outdoor air pollution. Smog sometimes closes schools and grounds airplanes. Hospitals are overwhelmed with patients struggling to breathe. Which three choices would improve outdoor air quality?

• decrease the use of geothermal energy

• hybrid or electric vehicles

• take a bus or carpool to school

• increase the use of wind turbines

• use gasoline instead of biofuels

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

NGSS.MS-ETS1-4

Humans rely on fish as a source of food. Are fish a renewable or nonrenewable resource?

• Fish are a nonrenewable resource because humans have destroyed their habitat.

• Fish are a renewable resource, but only on aquaculture farms.

• Fish are a nonrenewable resource because it takes a long time to replace them.

• Fish are a renewable resource, but must be managed sustainably.

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

Air is a fluid and flows similarly to water. A difference in air pressure causes air to move and form wind. Rearrange the sentences into the correct order. Place the first step of wind formation caused by heating at the top and the final step in wind formation at the bottom.

• Cool, dense air sinks and pressure increases.

• Cool, dense air flows under the warmer air, forcing it to rise.

• Air over heated surfaces expands and rises.

• Decreasing air pressure in the warm air mass.

• Air over less heated areas is cool and dense.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

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Colton lives in Alaska, where summers are short and mild and the winters are long and cold. Alaska lies at a northern latitude and Colton lives near the Alaska Range at an altitude of about 8,000 feet. Define the terms climate and weather and compare and contrast them. What important variables influence weather and climate? Use the above information as an example.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6