C3.1 Integration of Body Systems

Striated muscle

• Muscle tissue with a striped appearance, involved in voluntary movements.

• Muscle tissue that is smooth and involuntary.

• Muscle tissue that is non-striated and voluntary.

• Muscle tissue that is striated and involuntary.

Chemoreceptors

• Nose (olfactory receptors) - Airborne chemicals Smell (olfaction)

• Tongue (taste buds) - Dissolved chemicals in food/drink Taste (gustation)

• Blood vessels (e.g. aorta, carotid arteries) - CO₂, O₂ levels, pH of blood Regulate breathing and cardiovascular activity

• Brain (medulla oblongata) - Blood pH and CO₂ concentration Controls breathing rate (homeostasis)

Cerebellum

• The part of the brain that regulates motor control and coordination.

• The part of the brain responsible for memory and learning.

• The part of the brain that controls emotions and behavior.

• The part of the brain that processes visual information.

Auxin

• A plant hormone that regulates growth and behaviour.

• A type of soil nutrient essential for plant health.

• A chemical used to enhance photosynthesis in plants.

• A natural pesticide that protects plants from insects.

Jasmonic acid

• A plant hormone involved in regulating plant defence and stress responses.

• A type of fertilizer used for plant growth.

• A synthetic chemical used to enhance fruit ripening.

• A pesticide that protects plants from insects.

Brain

• The organ that serves as the center of the nervous system.

• A muscle that controls movement.

• An organ responsible for digestion.

• The part of the body that pumps blood.

Hypothalamus

• A brain region controlling the pituitary gland and regulating homeostasis.

• A part of the brain responsible for memory and learning.

• The area of the brain that regulates emotions and social behavior.

• A structure in the brain that controls voluntary movements.

GnRH (Gonadotropin-releasing hormone)

• A hormone that stimulates the release of reproductive hormones.

• A hormone that inhibits the release of reproductive hormones.

• A hormone that regulates blood sugar levels.

• A hormone that promotes muscle growth.

Stimuli

• Changes in the environment that elicit a response.

• Unrelated events that have no effect on behavior.

• Random occurrences that do not influence actions.

• Consistent patterns that lead to predictable outcomes.

Diurnal

• Active during the night.

• Active during the day.

• Active at dawn and dusk.

• Active only in winter.