The Covalent Model

A bond formed by the sharing of three pairs of electrons between two atoms.

• Double Bond

• Single Bond

• Triple Bond

• Quadruple Bond

A strong type of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules, involving hydrogen and a highly electronegative atom.

• Hydrogen Bonding

• Ionic Bonding

• Van der Waals Forces

• Covalent Bonding

Solvents with a significant dipole moment, capable of dissolving polar substances.

• Non-polar Solvents

• Polar Solvents

• Apolar Solvents

• Hydrophobic Solvents

Attractive forces that occur when a polar molecule induces a dipole in a nonpolar molecule.

• Dipole-Induced Dipole

• London Dispersion Forces

• Hydrogen Bonding

• Ion-Dipole Interaction

The visual output of a chromatography run, showing the separation of components.

• Chromatogram

• Spectrogram

• Photogram

• Electrogram

The distribution of a solute between two phases.

• Partitioning

• Separation

• Diffusion

• Concentration

Attractive forces between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule.

• Hydrogen Bonding

• Dipole–Dipole

• London Dispersion Forces

• Ionic Bonding

The overall dipole moment of a molecule, considering all individual bond dipoles.

• Net Dipole

• Molecular Polarizability

• Bonding Energy

• Electronegativity

Solvents that do not have a significant dipole moment.

• Polar Solvents

• Non-Polar Solvents

• Ionic Solvents

• Aqueous Solvents

A region in space where electrons are likely to be found, such as a bond or lone pair.

• Electron Domain

• Electron Cloud

• Electron Shell

• Electron Zone