Genetics and Evolution Concepts

Chromosomes are made of:

• Proteins and DNA

• Lipids and carbohydrates

• Water and minerals

• Vitamins and enzymes

Crossing over influences variation within a species by:

• Increasing genetic diversity among offspring

• Decreasing the number of chromosomes

• Ensuring identical offspring

• Preventing mutations

In the process of meiosis, how many cells are produced, are they diploid or haploid, and genetically identical or different from each other?

• Four cells are produced, they are haploid and genetically different from each other.

• Two cells are produced, they are diploid and genetically identical to each other.

• Four cells are produced, they are diploid and genetically identical to each other.

• Two cells are produced, they are haploid and genetically different from each other.

Homologous chromosomes separate during:

• prophase I

• metaphase I

• anaphase I

• telophase II

Sister chromatids separate during:

• prophase

• metaphase

• anaphase

• telophase

7. The form of cell division used for growth and repair of somatic (body) cells is:

• Meiosis

• Binary fission

• Mitosis

• Budding

How many chromosomes would be found in the gametes of a sexually-reproducing organism with 20 chromosomes in its diploid cells?

• 10

• 20

• 40

• 5

How many chromosomes are found in a normal human karyotype, and how are they arranged?

• 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs

• 44 chromosomes, arranged in 22 pairs

• 48 chromosomes, arranged in 24 pairs

• 23 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs

What happens in meiosis that causes chromosomal disorders like aneuploidy and polyploidy?

• Nondisjunction of chromosomes

• Crossing over of chromatids

• Replication of DNA

• Formation of spindle fibers

How can you recognize Klinefelter, Edwards, Down, and Turner syndromes on a karyotype?

• By identifying specific chromosomal abnormalities associated with each syndrome

• By observing changes in cell shape

• By measuring the size of the nucleus

• By counting the number of mitochondria