Understanding DNA and Protein Synthesis

Which of the following is a building block of DNA?

• Codon

• Nucleotide

• Amino acid

• Ribosome

What are the correct base-pairing rules in DNA?

• A-C and G-T

• A-G and T-C

• A-T and C-G

• A-U and G-T

Which process converts DNA into mRNA?

• Translation

• Replication

• Transcription

• Expression

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NGSS.MS-LS3-1

Where does protein synthesis occur in the cell?

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

• Ribosome

• Cytoplasm only

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A codon is:

• A type of protein

• A pair of DNA bases

• A 3-base sequence on mRNA

• A binding site on the ribosome

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What is the role of tRNA during protein synthesis?

• It synthesizes DNA

• It brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation

• It stores genetic information

• It edits mRNA

How does mRNA contribute to protein synthesis?

• It carries amino acids to the ribosome

• It breaks down proteins

• It stores oxygen

• It carries genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosome

Amino acids link together to form which type of molecule?

• Carbohydrates

• Nucleotides

• Ribosomes

• Polypeptide chains

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What determines a protein’s shape and function?

• The amount of ATP present

• The sequence of amino acids

• The sugar in DNA

• The size of the ribosome

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

A scientist mutates a DNA sequence so that one base pair is changed. Which of the following is the most likely result of this mutation?

• The protein produced will always be longer

• The protein produced may have a different amino acid sequence

• The ribosome will stop working

• The DNA will become RNA

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

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