What is the primary disturbance in respiratory alkalosis?

• Increased CO₂

• Decreased CO₂

• Increased HCO₃⁻

• Decreased HCO₃⁻

In respiratory acidosis, what is the expected renal compensation?

• Decrease H⁺ excretion

• Increase HCO₃⁻ excretion

• Increase H⁺ excretion and HCO₃⁻ reabsorption

• Decrease CO₂ production

What is the normal range for arterial pCO₂?

• 20–30 mmHg

• 35–45 mmHg

• 45–55 mmHg

• 50–60 mmHg

What is the most common acid-base disturbance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

• Respiratory alkalosis

• Metabolic alkalosis

• Respiratory acidosis

• Metabolic acidosis

What is the expected pH in uncompensated metabolic acidosis?

• > 7.45

• < 7.35