Surgical infections- Hawkins

Which of the following is a patient-related risk factor for surgical site infection (SSI)?

• Use of laparoscopic approach

• Obesity

• Short surgical duration

• Appropriate antibiotic timing

Which of the following is a process-related risk factor for SSI?

• Smoking

• Diabetes

• Rough surgical technique

• Immunosuppression

Which of the following contributes to creating a “suitable medium” for surgical infection?

• High oxygen tension

• Adequate blood flow

• Closed space with low pH

• Open air exposure

The most common pathogen involved in SSIs is:

• E. coli

• Pseudomonas

• Staphylococcus aureus

• Streptococcus viridans

Which host condition increases susceptibility to surgical infection?

• Vigorous physical activity

• Immunocompromised state

• Low ASA score

• Good nutritional status

Which wound class has the lowest expected infection rate?

• Class I – Clean

• Class II – Clean-contaminated

• Class III – Contaminated

• Class IV – Dirty-infected

A bowel resection with visible necrotic tissue but no pus is classified as:

• Clean

• Clean-contaminated

• Contaminated

• Dirty-infected

Which of the following is an example of a clean-contaminated procedure?

• Inguinal hernia repair

• Appendectomy with no perforation

• Dog bite wound

• Ruptured appendix

A surgical wound with frank pus and retained devitalized tissue is best classified as:

• Class I – Clean

• Class II – Clean-contaminated

• Class III – Contaminated

• Class IV – Dirty-infected

What is the expected infection rate for a Class III contaminated wound?

• ~2%

• 5–15%

• >15%

• >30%