Earth Science SOL Unit 10.5 - Climate Change

Which THREE of the following are the main sources of human-contributed carbon dioxide emissions?

• Burning Fossil Fuels

• Photosynthesis

• Deforestation

• Volcanic Eruptions

• Agriculture

Answer explanation

The main sources of human-contributed carbon dioxide emissions are Burning Fossil Fuels, Deforestation, and Agriculture. Photosynthesis absorbs CO₂, while Volcanic Eruptions are natural sources, not human-related.

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

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Which TWO of the following are true about El Niño and La Niña?

• La Niña is the cooling of surface water in the equatorial Pacific.

• El Niño is the warmer-than-average sea surface in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean.

•  La Niña can reduce upwelling, disrupting marine ecosystems, fish populations, and fisheries in the Pacific.

• El Niño is another name for La Niña describing weather patterns.

Answer explanation

La Niña refers to the cooling of surface waters in the equatorial Pacific, while El Niño indicates warmer-than-average sea surface temperatures in the same region. Both are significant climate phenomena.

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Which greenhouse gas is often involved in ozone formation and is mostly produced by fertilizers?

• Nitrous Oxides

• Methane

• Carbon Dioxide

• Chlorofluorocarbons

Answer explanation

Nitrous oxides, produced mainly from fertilizers, play a significant role in ozone formation. They contribute to the chemical reactions that create ozone in the atmosphere, making them the correct choice.

What is the effect of deforestation on climate change?

• Reduces the planet's capacity to absorb carbon dioxide

• Increases solar radiation

• Causes volcanic eruptions

• Decreases greenhouse gases

Answer explanation

Deforestation reduces the planet's capacity to absorb carbon dioxide because trees play a crucial role in sequestering CO₂. Fewer trees mean more CO₂ in the atmosphere, contributing to climate change.

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

Match the following gases with the main source of their emission due to human activities.

• Burning fossil fuels

• Methane

• Major component of Earth's atmosphere

• Nitrogen

• Livestock farming

• Carbon dioxide

Answer explanation

Refer to your notes.

How can sustainable transportation help mitigate climate change?

• By reducing greenhouse gas emissions

• By increasing fossil fuel consumption

• By causing more deforestation

• By raising sea levels

Answer explanation

Sustainable transportation reduces greenhouse gas emissions by promoting the use of public transit, cycling, and electric vehicles, which helps combat climate change and lowers the carbon footprint.

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Which of the following is a recommended individual action to manage climate change?

• Minimise waste by recycling and composting

• Increase industrial waste

• Burn more fossil fuels

• Cut down more trees

Answer explanation

Minimising waste by recycling and composting helps reduce landfill use and greenhouse gas emissions, making it a key individual action to combat climate change. The other options increase environmental harm.

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

What is the main goal of the Paris Agreement?

• To increase fossil fuel usage to well above 2^oC.

• To limit global warming to well below 2^oC.

• To promote industrial growth to 2%.

• To ban renewable energy to 50%.

Answer explanation

The main goal of the Paris Agreement is to limit global warming to well below 2°C, aiming to mitigate climate change impacts and promote sustainable development, making this choice the correct answer.

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​ (a)   refers to the long-term increase in Earth's average surface temperature, primarily driven by​ (b)   activities that release​ (c)   gases into the atmosphere. These gases trap​ (d)   , leading to a gradual rise in global temperatures.

• Global Warming

• human

• greenhouse

• heat

Answer explanation

Global Warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth's average surface temperature, primarily driven by human activities that release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. These gases trap heat, leading to rising global temperatures.

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What is the role of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?

• They cool the Earth's surface.

• They absorb and re-emit infrared radiation.

• They deplete the ozone layer.

Answer explanation

Greenhouse gases play a crucial role by absorbing and re-emitting infrared radiation, which helps to trap heat in the atmosphere, thereby warming the Earth. This process is essential for maintaining a stable climate.

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