Physiology chapter 2

Which of the following is considered the basic living unit of the body?

• Organ

• Tissue

• Cell

• Molecule

Approximately what percentage of the adult human body is fluid?

• 30% to 40%

• 40% to 50%

• 50% to 70%

• 70% to 80%

The fluid found inside the cells is called:

• Extracellular fluid

• Interstitial fluid

• Intracellular fluid

• Plasma

The extracellular fluid is also known as the "internal environment" or *milieu intérieur*. This term was introduced by which physiologist?

• Walter Cannon

• Arthur C. Guyton

• Claude Bernard

• John E. Hall

Which of the following ions is found in large amounts in the intracellular fluid, as opposed to the extracellular fluid?

• Sodium

• Chloride

• Bicarbonate

• Potassium

Which of the following substances makes up the largest percentage of most cells, excluding fat cells?

• Proteins

• Lipids

• Water

• Carbohydrates

After water, what are the most abundant substances in most cells, normally constituting 10% to 20% of the cell mass?

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

• Electrolytes

Which type of protein is mainly involved in forming enzymes that catalyze specific intracellular chemical reactions?

• Structural proteins

• Fibrillar proteins

• Functional proteins

• Cytoskeletal proteins

Which of the following lipids primarily forms the cell membrane and intracellular membrane barriers due to its insolubility in water?

• Triglycerides

• Fatty acids

• Cholesterol

• Phospholipids

What is the approximate composition of proteins in the cell membrane?

• 13%

• 25%

• 55%

• 70%