Final Review

The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments were passed after the Civil War to improve the lives of African Americans by:

• Abolishing slavery, granting citizenship, and giving voting rights to African American men

• Granting women the right to vote, ending segregation, and providing free education

• Establishing the Bill of Rights, ending the Civil War, and creating the Supreme Court

• Allowing states to secede, creating new states, and ending Reconstruction

The Black Codes and Jim Crow Laws were laws that:

• Granted full civil rights to formerly enslaved people

• Limited the freedoms and rights of formerly enslaved people

• Encouraged integration and equality in the South

• Abolished racial segregation in all public places

How did the Homestead Act and the Transcontinental Railroad help open the American West?

• Homestead Act: gave land to settlers willing to farm it, and the Transcontinental Railroad made travel and shipping easier across the U.S. Transcontinental R/R: decreased travel time across the continent, making the west more accessible to settlers, immigrants and trade. Impact on the West: lead to the development of towns and cities in the west and the expansion of farming and mining.

• Homestead Act: restricted land ownership to only wealthy individuals, and the Transcontinental Railroad increased travel costs. Impact on the West: slowed the development of towns and cities.

• Homestead Act: required settlers to pay high taxes for land, and the Transcontinental Railroad was never completed. Impact on the West: discouraged migration and settlement.

• Homestead Act: only allowed mining companies to claim land, and the Transcontinental Railroad was used solely for military transport. Impact on the West: limited economic growth and population.

Describe the impact of the assembly line on the affordability of the Ford Model T.

• Moving Assembly Line and impact on Model T Ford: Made cars faster and cheaper to produce, lowering the cost so more Americans could afford them.

• Moving Assembly Line and impact on Model T Ford: Increased the cost of production, making cars less affordable for most Americans.

• Moving Assembly Line and impact on Model T Ford: Had no effect on the price or production speed of cars.

• Moving Assembly Line and impact on Model T Ford: Made cars slower to produce, increasing the price for consumers.

What were some factors (at least 3) that contributed to the growth of industry in the late 1800s?

• 1- A large labor force, increase in immigrants coming to America (old vs new) 2- Availability of natural resources from out west 3- Migration of people from rural to urban areas 4- Rise of big businesses using laissez faire practices to establish sweatshops.

• 1- Decrease in population due to emigration 2- Lack of natural resources 3- Decline in urbanization 4- Strict government control over businesses.

• 1- Reduction in technological advancements 2- Decrease in transportation networks 3- Limited access to capital 4- Fewer educational opportunities.

• 1- Widespread agricultural expansion 2- Decrease in factory production 3- Decline in international trade 4- Increased reliance on manual labor.

What message was the United States trying to send to immigrants through the poem on the Statue of Liberty called the New Colossus?

• That immigrants were not welcome in the United States.

• That the United States was a place of refuge and opportunity for immigrants.

• That only wealthy immigrants could enter the United States.

• That immigrants should return to their home countries.

Immigration patterns in the early 20th century led to which of the following effects on cities?

• Decreased urban populations

• Increased cultural diversity and urban growth

• Decline in industrialization

• Reduction in housing demand

Workers in the late 1800s faced which of the following challenges?

• Long working hours and low wages

• Access to free healthcare

• Flexible work schedules

• High job security

The government typically responded to strikes and labor unrest during the Gilded Age by:

• Supporting workers' demands for better conditions

• Remaining neutral and not intervening

• Using force or siding with business owners to suppress strikes

• Encouraging labor unions to negotiate peacefully

What problems did muckrakers try to expose in society? Use several examples like The Jungle or How the Other Half Lives.

• Muckraker: journalist, writer, or photographer who exposed corruption and wrongdoing in established institutions during the Progressive Era (1890s-1920s). Examples: The Jungle- Upton Sinclair, How the Other Half Lives- Jacob Riis.

• Muckrakers: politicians who promoted new laws for industrial growth. Examples: The Jungle- Theodore Roosevelt, How the Other Half Lives- Andrew Carnegie.

• Muckrakers: inventors who created new technologies for urban life. Examples: The Jungle- Thomas Edison, How the Other Half Lives- Alexander Graham Bell.

• Muckrakers: artists who painted landscapes of American cities. Examples: The Jungle- Georgia O'Keeffe, How the Other Half Lives- Grant Wood.