Câu hỏi trắc nghiệm về phát triển kinh tế

According to Todaro and Smith (2020), which combination best captures the multidimensional nature of economic development?

• B. Changes in social structures, acceleration of economic growth, and reduction of absolute poverty

• C. Liberalization, deregulation, and market expansion

• A. Industrialization, foreign investment, and privatization

• D.GDP growth, currency stabilization, and foreign exchange accumulation

Schaffner (2013) emphasizes the importance of structural transformation in economic development. Which of the following best illustrates structural transformation?

• A. A country increases exports of raw materials

• B. Transitioning from agriculture-based employment to manufacturing and services

• C. Expanding military spending to cope with regional conflicts

• D. The government maintains a fixed exchange rate for a decade

Which critique is most applicable when using per capita income as a sole indicator of economic development?

• A.It overstates the importance of environmental sustainability

• B. It neglects distributional aspects and non-economic dimensions like health and education

• C. It underestimates foreign exchange reserves

• D. It fails to measure the size of a country’s informal economy

The17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) emphasize a global partnership. Which of the following goals is directly related to both economic and social development dimensions ?

• A. Target a GDP growth rate of 5%

• B. Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all

• C. Reduce global trade taxes

• D. Expand foreign direct investment in extractive industries

Which of the following best explains Todaro & Smith’s distinction between economic growth and development in terms of policy focus?

• A. Economic growth policies always lead to improvements in welfare

• B. Economic development requires improvements in quality beyond quantitative economic indicators

• C. Economic growth is a necessary and sufficient condition for development

• D. Economic growth focuses exclusively on currency stabilization and inflation control

According to Schaffner (2013), which factor best explains the persistence of high poverty rates despite economic growth in developing countries?

• A. Global financial crises

• B. Inadequate attention to social institutions and distributional mechanisms

• C. Overemphasis on agricultural subsidies

• D. Persistent current account surpluses

Which of the following concepts emphasizes the importance of institutions in shaping development outcomes, as discussed by Perkins et al. (2013)?

• A. Ricardian model of comparative advantage

• B. Institutional quality’s role in ensuring fair market access and contract enforcement

• C. Purchasing power parity (PPP) adjustments in GDP calculations

• D. Absolute advantage in international trade

What key issue is raised in the development literature about the limitations of using GDP growth as a proxy for human well-being?

• B. It captures short-term fluctuations rather than long-term trends

• C. It may reflect increased output without corresponding improvements in health, education, or equality

• D. It is measured in local currency units, complicating international comparisons

• A. It includes only government spending and excludes private investment

Which of the following combinations best describes the characteristics of developing countries according to Todaro and Smith (2020)?

• A. High capital intensity, decreasing population growth rate, and low dependency ratio

• B. High dependency ratio, polarized economy, and widespread poverty

• C. Full employment, income equality, and low inflation

• D. Trade surplus, technological leadership, and high living standards

The 'two gaps' model mentioned in development studies mainly focuses on:

• A. The productivity gap between rural and urban areas

• B. The gaps in infrastructure and industrialization

• C. Savings and foreign exchange constraints limiting investment and growth

• D. The difference between projected and actual government spending