Which of the following has references to aircraft mass and balance?

• ICAO Annex 2.

• ICAO Annex 4.

• ICAO Annex 5.

• ICAO Annex 6.

The mass and centre of gravity of an aircraft must be established by actual weighing:

• by the pilot on entry of aircraft into service

• by the engineers before commencing service

• by the operator prior to initial entry of aircraft into service

• by the owner operator before the first flight of the day

The operator must establish the mass of the Traffic Load:

• prior to initial entry into service

• by actual weighing or determine the mass of the traffic load

• prior to embarking on the aircraft

• by using an appropriate method of calculation

The mass of the fuel load must be determined:

• by the operator using actual density or by density calculation specified in the Operations Manual.

• by the owner using actual density.

• by the pilot using actual density or by density calculation specified in the Operations Manual.

• by the fuel bowser operator using actual density or by density calculation specified in the Fuelling Manual.

The Dry Operating Mass is the total mass of the aeroplane ready for a specific type of operation and includes:

• Crew and passenger baggage, special equipment, water and chemicals

• Crew and their hold baggage, special equipment, water and contingency fuel

• Crew baggage, catering and other special equipment, potage water and lavatory chemicals

• Crew and baggage, catering and passenger service equipment, potable water and lavatory chemicals.

The Maximum Zero Fuel Mass is the maximum permissible mass of the aeroplane:

• with no useable fuel

• with no useable fuel unless the Aeroplane Flight Manual Limitations explicitly include it.

• including the fuel taken up for take-off

• including all useable fuel unless the Aeroplane Flight Operations Manual explicitly excludes it.

The Maximum Structural Take-off Mass is:

• the maximum permissible total aeroplane mass on completion of the refuelling operation.

• the maximum permissible total aeroplane mass for take-off subject to the limiting conditions at the departure airfield.

• the maximum permissible total aeroplane mass for take-off but excluding fuel.

• the maximum permissible total aeroplane mass at the start of the take-off run.

The Regulated Take-off Mass:

• is the lower of maximum structural take-off mass and the performance limited take-off mass.

• is the higher of the maximum structural zero fuel mass and the performance limited takeoff mass.

• the maximum structural take-off mass subject to any last minute mass changes

• the maximum performance limited take-off mass subject to any last minute mass changes.

The Take-off mass

• the maximum permissible total aeroplane mass on completion of the refuelling operation.

• the mass of the aeroplane including everyone and everything contained within it at the start of the take-off run.

• the maximum permissible total aeroplane mass for take-off but excluding fuel.

• the maximum permissible total aeroplane mass at the start of the take-off run.

The Operating Mass:

• is the lower of the structural mass and the performance limited mass

• is the higher of the structural mass and the performance limited mass

• is the actual mass of the aircraft on take-off

• Is the dry operating mass and the fuel load.