Electron Configuration and Orbital Notation

What is the significance of the Aufbau principle in electron configuration?

• It states that electrons fill orbitals starting from the lowest energy level to the highest.

• It describes the maximum number of electrons in each shell.

• It explains the behavior of electrons in magnetic fields.

• It determines the shape of atomic orbitals.

Define the Pauli Exclusion Principle.

• No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers, meaning an orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons with opposite spins.

• Electrons in an atom can occupy the same orbital as long as they have the same spin.

• The energy levels of electrons in an atom are quantized and can only exist in whole numbers.

• Electrons can be in the same state as long as they are in different atoms.

How is the periodic table organized based on electron configuration?

• Elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, which corresponds to the filling of electron orbitals.

• Elements are grouped by their color and physical state at room temperature.

• Elements are organized based on their discovery date and historical significance.

• Elements are arranged randomly without any specific order.

What is the electron configuration for aluminum?

• [Ne]3s²3p¹

• [He]2s²2p⁶

• [Ne]3s²3p²

• [Ar]4s²3d¹⁰

What is Hund's Rule?

• Electrons will occupy degenerate orbitals singly before pairing up, to minimize electron-electron repulsion.

• Electrons will pair up in the same orbital before occupying different orbitals.

• Electrons will fill the lowest energy orbitals first, regardless of pairing.

• Electrons will occupy all available orbitals before any pairing occurs.

What does the noble gas configuration represent?

• A shorthand notation for electron configuration that uses the electron configuration of the nearest noble gas to simplify the representation.

• A method to calculate the atomic mass of an element.

• A way to determine the reactivity of an element based on its electron configuration.

• A representation of the physical state of noble gases at room temperature.

What is electron configuration?

• The arrangement of protons in an atom's nucleus.

• The distribution of electrons in an atom's orbitals, indicating the energy levels and sublevels occupied by electrons.

• The total number of neutrons in an atom.

• The process of electrons gaining energy to move to a higher energy level.

What is the shortcut configuration for iodine?

• [Kr]5s²4d¹⁰5p⁵

• [Kr]5s²4d¹⁰5p⁴

• [Ar]4s²3d¹⁰4p⁵

• [Xe]6s²5d¹⁰6p⁵

How do you determine the number of electrons in an atom from its electron configuration?

• By adding the superscripts in the configuration, which represent the number of electrons in each orbital.

• By counting the number of orbitals present in the configuration.

• By multiplying the number of protons by two.

• By identifying the highest energy level in the configuration.

How many electrons can the s, p, d, and f orbitals hold?

• s: 2, p: 6, d: 10, f: 12

• s: 2, p: 6, d: 10, f: 14

• s: 2, p: 8, d: 10, f: 14

• s: 2, p: 6, d: 12, f: 14