Q2 M2.5 TOXI LAB FINALS

What is the primary mechanism by which activated charcoal reduces systemic absorption of xenobiotics?

• Chemical neutralization of toxins

• Adsorption to the surface of charcoal particles

• Induction of vomiting through gastric irritation

• Enhancement of gastrointestinal motility

Which of the following factors significantly limits the effectiveness of GI decontamination in poisoned patients?

• The patient's age and weight

• The time elapsed since ingestion and the pharmacokinetics of the xenobiotic

• The presence of an antidote

• The patient's vital signs upon presentation

In the context of GI decontamination, what is the ethical dilemma associated with conducting randomized controlled trials?

• The need for informed consent from all participants

• Randomizing patients to receive no decontamination may expose them to unnecessary risk

• The difficulty in obtaining accurate patient histories

• The potential for long-term complications from decontamination

What is the recommended time frame for performing orogastric lavage after ingestion of a toxic substance?

• Within 30 minutes

• Within 1 hour

• Within 2 hours

• Within 4 hours

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of syrup of ipecac in a patient with suspected poisoning?

• The patient is alert and oriented

• The patient has ingested a caustic substance

• The patient has a history of substance abuse

• The patient is a child under 12 years old

What is the primary indication for using whole-bowel irrigation (WBI) in the management of poisoning?

• Ingestion of a toxic amount of a xenobiotic that is well adsorbed by activated charcoal

• Removal of sustained-release drug formulations or drug packets in body packers

• Induction of vomiting in patients with altered mental status

• Treatment of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage

Which of the following xenobiotics is most likely to require multiple-dose activated charcoal (MDAC) due to enterohepatic recirculation?

• Acetaminophen

• Salicylates

• Carbamazepine

• Ethanol

What is a significant risk associated with the administration of activated charcoal?

• Increased absorption of the xenobiotic

• Aspiration pneumonia if airway protective reflexes are absent

• Gastrointestinal perforation

• Rapid onset of symptoms

What is the optimal dose of activated charcoal for adults in acute poisoning cases?

• 0.5 g/kg of body weight

• 1 g/kg of body weight or a 10:1 ratio of activated charcoal to xenobiotic, whichever is greater

• 2 g/kg of body weight for all patients

• 10 mL/kg of body weight

In the context of GI decontamination, what does the term 'enterohepatic recirculation' refer to?

• The process of toxins being absorbed from the intestines into the bloodstream

• The recycling of toxins from the liver back into the gastrointestinal tract

• The movement of toxins from the stomach to the duodenum

• The elimination of toxins through the kidneys