Q4 M3 TOXI LAB

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the first step in ethanol metabolism, converting ethanol to acetaldehyde?

• Aldose reductase

• Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)

• Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)

• Cytochrome P450 2E1

What is the primary consequence of the accumulation of NADH during ethanol metabolism?

• Enhanced gluconeogenesis

• Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis

• Promotion of fatty acid synthesis and development of alcoholic steatosis

• Increased conversion of acetaldehyde to acetate

Which of the following pathways contributes to ethanol metabolism under conditions of chronic alcohol consumption?

• The mitochondrial pathway exclusively

• The microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS) involving CYP2E1

• The glycolytic pathway

• The urea cycle

What is the role of acetaldehyde in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver injury?

• It is a non-toxic byproduct of ethanol metabolism

• It promotes the synthesis of triglycerides and inhibits VLDL export

• It enhances the detoxification of ammonia

• It has no significant impact on liver function

Which of the following factors contributes to the increased sensitivity of women to alcohol compared to men?

• Higher gastric metabolism of alcohol

• Greater body water content leading to higher BAC

• Increased liver enzyme activity

• Lower body fat percentage

What is the typical blood alcohol concentration (BAC) range associated with significant impairment of motor coordination and judgment?

• 20-50 mg/dL

• 50-100 mg/dL

• 100-150 mg/dL

• 150-300 mg/dL

Which of the following is a common complication of chronic alcohol abuse that affects the gastrointestinal system?

• Hepatic encephalopathy

• Gastritis and pancreatitis

• Cardiomyopathy

• Peripheral neuropathy

What is the mechanism by which ethanol induces tolerance in chronic drinkers?

• Increased absorption in the gastrointestinal tract

• Induction of metabolic enzymes and adaptational changes in the central nervous system

• Decreased sensitivity of peripheral receptors

• Enhanced detoxification pathways in the liver

Which vitamin deficiency is most commonly associated with chronic alcohol abuse and can lead to neurological disorders?

• Vitamin A

• Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

• Vitamin B12

• Vitamin C

What is the primary treatment for acute alcohol intoxication with respiratory depression?

• Administration of activated charcoal

• Supplemental oxygen and airway management

• Intravenous fluids

• Administration of thiamine