Organic Evolution Test #1 E

According to Mendel's Law of Segregation, how many gene copies does each individual have, and what happens to these copies during gamete production?

• Each individual has one gene copy, and both go to one gamete

• Each individual has two gene copies, and they segregate so one copy goes to each gamete

• Each individual has three gene copies, and they all go to one gamete

• Each individual has two gene copies, and both go to each gamete

Fill in the blank: The Law of Segregation states that each individual has ____ gene copies and they segregate during gamete production (one copy goes to each gamete).

• two

• four

• one

• three

Refer to the diagrams showing the segregation of alleles during meiosis. Which stage shows the separation of alleles for each gene?

• Metaphase I

• Metaphase II

• Both Metaphase I and II

• None of the above

According to Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment, during gamete production, genes for different traits segregate independently of each other.

• True

• False

What is the principle of independent assortment as described in the diagram?

• Different genes assort (are passed into gametes) independently because they are located on different chromosomes which align randomly at the metaphase plate during meiosis I.

• Genes on the same chromosome always assort independently regardless of their position.

• Independent assortment only occurs during mitosis, not meiosis.

• All genes are inherited together as a single unit regardless of chromosome alignment.

Refer to the diagram. Which of the following gamete combinations can be produced from a parent with genotype RrYy?

• A) RY, Ry, rY, ry

• B) RR, YY, rr, yy

• C) Rr, Yy, Ry, rY

• D) RY, rY, Ry, rY

During which phase of meiosis does the independent assortment of genes occur, as shown in the diagram?

• Metaphase I

• Prophase II

• Anaphase I

• Telophase II

Which term is defined as the fundamental unit of heredity, codes for a functional product (protein or RNA)?

• gene

• enzyme

• chromosome

• lipid

Which term refers to the specific place on the chromosome where a gene (or set of genes) is located (physical location)?

• locus

• allele

• chromatid

• centromere

Which term describes variant forms of a gene, or variant nucleotide sequences at a particular locus?

• allele

• chromosome

• genotype

• phenotype