Organic Chemistry Review

Which of the following is the structure of an amino group as favored at physiologic pH?

• -NH₂

• -COOH

• -SH

• -OH

Which functional group is present in acetaldehyde?

• Acyl

• Aldehyde

• Ketone

• Carboxyl

What is the main difference between a ketone and an aldehyde functional group?

• Ketones have two alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl carbon, while aldehydes have one alkyl group and one hydrogen.

• Aldehydes have two alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl carbon, while ketones have one alkyl group and one hydrogen.

• Both have the same structure.

• Ketones contain a hydroxyl group.

Which biomolecule contains a phosphate group as shown in the diagram?

• Acetone

• Glucose-6-phosphate

• Acetaldehyde

• Cysteine

Explain why the thiol group is important in the structure of cysteine and how it differs from a hydroxyl group.

• The thiol group contains sulfur, which allows cysteine to form disulfide bonds, unlike the oxygen in hydroxyl groups.

• The thiol group contains oxygen, which allows cysteine to form hydrogen bonds, unlike the sulfur in hydroxyl groups.

• The thiol group is a type of carboxyl group.

• The thiol group is only found in alcohols.

What is formed when two alcohols react together in an ether formation reaction?

• Ether and water

• Ester and water

• Thiol ester and water

• Hemiacetal and water

In the formation of a thiol ester, which functional group substitutes for the alcohol group?

• Carboxyl group

• Thiol (SH) group

• Aldehyde group

• Ketone group

Which of the following best describes a lactone?

• A linear ester

• A cyclic ester

• A type of ether

• A type of hemiacetal

Based on the structure of 6-phosphogluconolactone, what type of compound is it?

• Ether

• Lactone

• Thiol ester

• Hemiacetal

A chemist wants to synthesize a hemiacetal. Which reactants should they use, and what is the key functional group formed in the product?

• Alcohol and acid; ester group

• Aldehyde and alcohol; hemiacetal group

• Thiol and acid; thiol ester group

• Alcohol and alcohol; ether group