Biology and Physiology Concepts

What are autosomes?

• Sex chromosomes 1 and 2.

• Non-sex chromosomes 1–22.

• Chromosomes that determine gender.

• Chromosomes that carry mitochondrial DNA.

What are the phases of the uterine cycle?

• Menstrual → Proliferative → Secretory

• Follicular → Luteal → Menstrual

• Ovulatory → Proliferative → Secretory

• Menstrual → Luteal → Follicular

Where does most water absorption occur in the digestive system?

• In the stomach

• In the small intestine

• In the large intestine

• In the esophagus

What is the vesicular (tertiary) follicle?

• Contains the secondary oocyte.

• Contains the primary oocyte.

• Contains the mature egg cell.

• Contains the polar body.

Seminal fluid/semen contains:

• fructose, prostaglandins, alkaline pH

• glucose, hormones, acidic pH

• urea, electrolytes, neutral pH

• cholesterol, enzymes, basic pH

What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

• Dominant alleles use lowercase letters (ee), recessive alleles use capital letters (EE/Ee).

• Dominant alleles use capital letters (EE/Ee), recessive alleles use lowercase letters (ee).

• Dominant alleles are always expressed, while recessive alleles are never expressed.

• Dominant alleles are found only in males, while recessive alleles are found only in females.

What is the role of ADH in the distal tubule & collecting ducts?

• ADH increases water permeability in the distal tubule and collecting ducts.

• ADH decreases sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule.

• ADH has no effect on water permeability in the distal tubule and collecting ducts.

• ADH increases potassium secretion in the distal tubule.

What are sex-linked traits?

• Traits on X or Y chromosomes, with males expressing X-linked traits more often.

• Traits that are inherited independently of sex chromosomes.

• Traits that are only found in females.

• Traits that are influenced by environmental factors.

what allele uses capital letters?

• recessive allele

• dominant allele

• incomplete dominant allele

• co-dominant allele

What is the genotype for a color-blind female?

• XRXR

• XrXr

• XRY

• XX