Structure of organic compounds

What is a crucial aspect to consider when studying organic chemistry?

• The physical state of compounds.

• The structural aspects of compounds.

• The historical development of organic chemistry.

• The economic impact of organic compounds.

In the standard representation of an element (X), where is the atomic number (Z) typically placed?

• As a superscript on the right.

• As a subscript on the right.

• As a superscript on the left.

• As a subscript on the left.

What does the atomic number of an element primarily represent?

• The total number of protons and neutrons.

• The number of electrons in the outermost shell.

• The number of electrons, which equals the number of protons in a neutral atom.

• The atomic mass of the element.

How is the atomic mass of an atom determined?

• By summing the number of electrons and protons.

• By summing the number of protons and neutrons.

• By summing the number of electrons and neutrons.

• By the number of electrons in the innermost shell.

According to the rule for electron distribution in atomic shells, what is the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in the third shell (n=3)?

• 2 electrons

• 8 electrons

• 18 electrons

• 32 electrons

How many valence electrons does a carbon atom typically possess?

• Two

• Four

• Six

• Eight

What principle does the octet rule describe regarding atomic stability?

• Atoms are stable when they have two electrons in their outermost shell.

• Atoms are stable when they have eight electrons in their outermost shell.

• Atoms are stable when they have an equal number of protons and neutrons.

• Atoms are stable when they have a full inner electron shell.

Based on the octet rule, what is the valence of an oxygen atom?

• Six

• Eight

• Two

• Four

What property describes an atom's tendency to attract electrons in a chemical bond?

• Electronegativity

• Electropositivity

• Ionization energy

• Electron affinity

What is the valency of chlorine (Cl)?

• 7

• 1

• 5

• 3