SEMESTER 2 REVIEW HISTORY

Which two of the following were benefits of trade during the Hellenistic era?

• It promoted the sharing of ideas.

• It spread diseases in crowded cities.

• It spread the Greek language, making it easier to communicate.

Identify each person’s achievements:

• a. Heophilus - Used dissection to learn about the human body, discovered arteries are filled with blood b. Plato - Favored strong central government with society classes, wrote The Republic c. Aristarchus - Observed Earth rotated around the sun, estimated the size of the sun d. Archimedes - Discovered value of pi, created a lever and pulley system e. Euclid - Contributed to field of mathematics

• a. Heophilus - Wrote The Republic, created a lever and pulley system b. Plato - Discovered value of pi, contributed to mathematics c. Aristarchus - Used dissection to learn about the human body, discovered arteries are filled with blood d. Archimedes - Observed Earth rotated around the sun, estimated the size of the sun e. Euclid - Favored strong central government with society classes

• a. Heophilus - Contributed to field of mathematics b. Plato - Discovered arteries are filled with blood c. Aristarchus - Created a lever and pulley system d. Archimedes - Wrote The Republic e. Euclid - Observed Earth rotated around the sun

What was a major reason for the conflict between Rome & Carthage?

• Both wanted control over the Mediterranean Sea.

• They disagreed over religious beliefs.

• Carthage wanted to invade Greece.

• Rome wanted to expand into Africa.

Define each in the Roman Republic:

• a. Patricians - wealthy and powerful upper class b. Plebians - farmers, craftspeople, and merchants c. Consuls - heads of government and military commanders d. Tribunes - officials who protected the common people’s rights

• a. Patricians - common farmers b. Plebians - wealthy landowners c. Consuls - religious leaders d. Tribunes - military generals

• a. Patricians - slaves b. Plebians - senators c. Consuls - poets d. Tribunes - foreign traders

What is a similarity between the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire?

• Both the republic and the empire had a Senate, which was an assembly of patricians.

• Both were ruled by a single emperor from the beginning.

• Both allowed women to vote in all elections.

The apostle who greatly influenced the development of Christianity:

• Paul

• Peter

• James

• Thomas

Identify how each group led to the fall of the Western Roman Empire:

• a. Roman government: levied heavy taxes on people b. Roman emperors: fought among themselves c. Barbarian tribes: disrupted trade routes

• a. Roman government: encouraged trade b. Roman emperors: promoted peace c. Barbarian tribes: protected borders

• a. Roman government: improved education b. Roman emperors: expanded territory peacefully c. Barbarian tribes: supported the army

A political similarity between ancient Greece and United States:

• Operates on principles of democracy.

• Both were ruled by a single monarch.

• Both had a caste-based society.

• Both practiced direct theocracy.

Define: a. Mandate of heaven b. Calligraphy c. Confucianism

• a. Mandate of heaven - philosophical belief that the gods had given someone power to rule b. Calligraphy - artistic form of writing c. Confucianism - in Han Dynasty, beliefs used as a guide for life

• a. Mandate of heaven - a type of ancient Chinese weapon b. Calligraphy - a traditional Chinese dance c. Confucianism - a style of Chinese architecture

• a. Mandate of heaven - a festival celebrated in China b. Calligraphy - a form of martial arts c. Confucianism - a Chinese food dish

Which TWO of the following led to the fall of the Roman Empire?

• The Yellow Turbans led a rebellion against the emperor, which led to the emperor losing the Mandate of Heaven.

• The government stopped paying soldiers, so they were no longer loyal to the empire.

• Invaders became absorbed into the Hindu culture of the region rather than altering the culture of the people.