Turkish Invasions- A/R

Assertion (A): Mahmud of Ghazni attacked India multiple times mainly for territorial expansion. Reason (R): He annexed large parts of northern and southern India into his empire.

• a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

• b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

• c) A is true, but R is false.

• d) A is false, but R is true.

Assertion (A): Muhammad Ghori’s victory in the Second Battle of Tarain led to Turkish control over northern India. Reason (R): Prithviraj Chauhan defeated Ghori in the Second Battle of Tarain.

• a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

• b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

• c) A is true, but R is false.

• d) A is false, but R is true.

Assertion (A): The Somnath temple was one of the wealthiest temples in India during Mahmud’s time. Reason (R): Mahmud chose it as a target to fulfill his military needs.

• a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

• b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

• c) A is true, but R is false.

• d) A is false, but R is true.

Assertion (A): Mahmud of Ghazni was recognised by the Abbasid Caliph. Reason (R): Mahmud refused to accept the Caliph's supremacy and declared himself an independent emperor.

• a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

• b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

• c) A is true, but R is false.

• d) A is false, but R is true.

Assertion (A): The Indian subcontinent was vulnerable to Turkish invasions. Reason (R): It was divided into small kingdoms that lacked unity and a centralised army.

• a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

• b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

• c) A is true, but R is false.

• d) A is false, but R is true.

Assertion (A): Al-Biruni’s Kitab al-Hind is a useful source for understanding medieval India. Reason (R): He was a Sanskrit scholar who documented Indian society in Persian poetry.

• a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

• b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

• c) A is true, but R is false.

• d) A is false, but R is true.

Assertion (A): Anandapala’s army lost to Mahmud despite having more men and elephants. Reason (R): The Indian troops were disorganised, and Anandapala’s elephant panicked during battle.

• a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

• b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

• c) A is true, but R is false.

• d) A is false, but R is true.

Assertion (A): Muhammad Ghori aimed to establish long-term rule in India. Reason (R): He left behind governors like Qutbuddin Aibak to administer his Indian territories.

• a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

• b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

• c) A is true, but R is false.

• d) A is false, but R is true.

Assertion (A): The First Battle of Tarain in 1191 CE was a turning point for Turkish expansion in India. Reason (R): Ghori lost this battle and withdrew temporarily.

• a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

• b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

• c) A is false, but R is true.

• d) A is true, but R is false.

Assertion (A): Qutbuddin Aibak established the Delhi Sultanate in 1206 CE. Reason (R): He was appointed as the governor of Bengal by Muhammad Ghori.

• a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

• b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

• c) A is true, but R is false.

• d) A is false, but R is true.