Cellular Adaptation and Pathology Quiz

Which of the following best describes physiologic cellular adaptation?

• Changing hormonal stimulation or changing workload

• Reducing blood supply due to malnutrition

• Loss of innervation due to spinal cord damage

• Excessive hormonal stimulation increasing cancer risk

What is a primary characteristic of atrophy in cells?

• Increase in the number of cells

• Shrinkage in size of cell and loss of structural material

• Replacement of one cell type by another

• Formation of new organelles

Which of the following is NOT a cause of atrophy?

• Immobility of muscles

• Increased workload

• Poor nutrition

• Ageing

Hypertrophy is best defined as:

• Increase in the number of cells

• Shrinkage in size of cells

• Increase in the size of cells and organ/tissue

• Replacement of one cell type by another

Which scenario is an example of physiologic hyperplasia?

• Female breast development at puberty

• Loss of innervation due to stroke

• Excessive hormonal stimulation increasing cancer risk

• Ageing of tissues

What is metaplasia?

• Increase in the size of cells

• One cell type replaced by another

• Increase in the number of cells

• Loss of structural material in cells

Which of the following statements about hyperplasia is correct?

• It is always pathologic and leads to cancer

• It involves an increase in the number of cells

• It is characterized by shrinkage of cells

• It only occurs in response to poor nutrition

A patient develops endometrial hyperplasia in the uterus due to excessive hormonal stimulation. This is an example of:

• Physiologic hyperplasia

• Pathologic hyperplasia

• Atrophy

• Metaplasia

Why might metaplasia increase the risk of cancer if persistent?

• It causes an increase in cell size

• It leads to dysplasia, which can progress to cancer

• It always results in cell death

• It reduces the need for nutrients and oxygen

Which of the following is an example of hypertrophy due to increased workload?

• Atrophy of muscles due to immobility

• Hypertrophy of skeletal muscles in athletes

• Metaplasia in response to chronic irritation

• Hyperplasia of the liver after surgery