HBHD Ch 20

The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity and have a bean-shaped structure. They act as vital organs in maintaining homeostasis by filtering blood and regulating fluid balance. Which of the following best describes the location, structure, and function of the kidneys?

• The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, are bean-shaped, and maintain homeostasis by filtering blood and regulating fluid balance.

• The kidneys are located in the chest cavity, are round-shaped, and produce digestive enzymes.

• The kidneys are located in the pelvic cavity, are triangular-shaped, and store bile.

• The kidneys are located in the cranial cavity, are oval-shaped, and regulate body temperature.

The nephron consists of several parts, each playing a role in balancing blood and forming urine. Which of the following correctly matches a nephron part with its function?

• Glomerulus - filtration of blood

• Loop of Henle - secretion of hormones

• Bowman's capsule - reabsorption of glucose

• Collecting duct - production of red blood cells

The importance of filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion in renal physiology is to:

• maintain homeostasis by regulating the composition of blood and urine

• produce hormones for digestion

• control muscle contraction directly

• regulate body temperature

The mechanisms that control urine volume include:

• Antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, and renal blood flow

• Insulin, glucagon, and thyroid hormone

• Adrenaline, melatonin, and serotonin

• Growth hormone, prolactin, and oxytocin

The structure and function of the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra are best described as:

• Ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder; the urinary bladder stores urine; the urethra expels urine from the body.

• Ureters produce urine; the urinary bladder filters blood; the urethra stores urine.

• Ureters store urine; the urinary bladder transports urine to the kidneys; the urethra filters urine.

• Ureters expel urine from the body; the urinary bladder produces urine; the urethra stores urine.

The process of micturition involves the expulsion of urine from the bladder, and control problems with this process frequently include which of the following?

• Urinary incontinence and retention

• Increased blood pressure and heart rate

• Digestive enzyme deficiency

• Respiratory tract infection

The purpose and importance of urinalysis is to:

• Detect and monitor diseases of the urinary tract and other systemic conditions.

• Measure blood pressure levels.

• Assess lung function and respiratory health.

• Determine visual acuity and eye health.

Which of the following lists major renal and urinary disorders along with their mechanisms?

• Glomerulonephritis (inflammation of glomeruli), Nephrotic syndrome (increased glomerular permeability), Urinary tract infection (bacterial infection of urinary tract), Renal calculi (formation of kidney stones)

• Hypertension (increased blood pressure), Diabetes (high blood sugar), Asthma (airway inflammation), Arthritis (joint inflammation)

• Pneumonia (lung infection), Hepatitis (liver inflammation), Migraine (headache disorder), Anemia (low red blood cells)

• Osteoporosis (bone loss), Cataract (cloudy lens), Psoriasis (skin disorder), Epilepsy (seizure disorder)

Where do the kidneys lie in the human body?

• Under back muscles, behind parietal peritoneum, just above waistline

• In the chest cavity

• In the pelvic region

• In the neck

Which kidney is usually a little lower than the other?

• Left kidney

• Right kidney

• Both are at the same level

• None of the above