the movement of ions and other solutes across the cell membrane without energy input

gated by a change in the charge of their surrounding environment inside the cell

following structures in the order they would be encountered in a postsynaptic cell:

ligand-gated channels, dendrites, soma, axon hillock, voltage-gated channel, axon, axon terminal

axon, soma, axon hillock, axon terminal, ligand-gated terminal, dendrites, voltage-gated channel

voltage-gated channel, axon, soma, ligand-gated terminal, dendrites, axon terminal, axon hillock

dendrites, soma, voltage-gated channel, axon, ligand-gated terminal, axon hillock, axon terminal

What primarily differentiates an action potential from a graded potential in neuronal activity?

Action potentials are maintained at constant intensity over time and distance, while graded potentials decrease in intensity over time and distance.

Unlike action potentials, graded potentials occur in the dendrites and soma.

Action potentials are hyperpolarizing events, while graded potentials are depolarizing.

Graded potentials are voluntary, while action potentials are involuntary.

Compared to action potentials, graded potentials __________.

result in weaker changes in membrane potential the further from the point of origin they extend

get stronger over time or distance

are a change from resting potential that are maintained at a constant intensity over time and distance

are produced only at the axon hillock

Smooth muscles are responsible for which of the following functions?

involuntary movements like regulation of blood flow through vital organs

voluntarily contracting to digest food

coordinating actions and transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body

permitting blood to circulate and transport nutrients

intermediate force production, fast contraction speed

Type IIA muscle fiber

intermediate force production, fast contraction speed

Type IIB muscle fiber

intermediate force production, fast contraction speed

When strength is lost as a result of inactivity, the two primary factors responsible for this effect include ______.

decreased muscle fiber/motor unit recruitment and muscle atrophy

decreased cross-sectional area of the type I fibers

the all-or-nothing principle and atrophy of type I fibers

at a relatively higher concentration in the cytosol

at a relatively higher concentration in the interstitial fluid

at a relatively higher concentration in the cytosol

at a relatively higher concentration in the interstitial fluid

at a relatively higher concentration in the cytosol

at a relatively higher concentration in the interstitial fluid

at a relatively higher concentration in the cytosol

Effluxes out of the cell during the action potential

Influxes into the axon terminals during an action potential

Influxes into the cell during an action potential

Influxes into the axon terminals during an action potential

Effluxes out of the cell during the action potential

Influxes into the cell during an action potential

Effluxes out of the cell during the action potential

Influxes into the axon terminals during an action potential

Sort the steps in the sliding filament theory in order of occurrence.

cross bridge, power stroke, dissociate, reactivate

power stroke, dissociate, reactive, cross bridge

cross bridge, dissociate, reactive, power stroke

reactive, dissociate, power stroke, cross bridge

Predict what would happen if a patient suffers from hyponatremia (low blood Na+).

The action potential would not form properly -- the peak would be too low.

Muscles would be more easily contracted.

There would be an increased rate of neurotransmitter release at the synaptic cleft.

Lack of negative feedback control would cause a reduction in axonal length.

Compared to action potentials, graded potentials __________.

result in weaker changes in membrane potential the further from the point of origin they extend

get stronger over time or distance

are a change from resting potential that are maintained at a constant intensity over time and distance

are produced only at the axon hillock

What triggers the opening of the activation gates on voltage-gated sodium channels?

when membrane potential becomes more negative

when resting potential is restored

as membrane potential hyperpolarizes

as resting potential becomes more negative

The disassociation of the myosin cross-bridge is directly activated by which of the following?

the attachment of ATP to myosin heads

repolarization of the T-tubules

Ca2+ is shuttled back out of the cell

What is the neuromuscular junction?

where the axons of motor nerves meet the muscle

a chemical synapse formed between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber

the process of shuttling lactic acid from the muscle fiber into the blood stream

Identify the components of the sarcomere.

actin, myosin, nebulin, tropomyosin, and troponin

actin, myosin, and transverse tubules

triad, nebulin, myosin, and actin

Compare the functioning of tropomyosin to troponin in skeletal muscle contraction.

One portion of troponin binds Ca2+, moving tropomyosin out of the way for actin and myosin to form a cross-bridge.

Tropomyosin binds to Ca2+, allowing troponin to catalyze the formation of a cross-bridge between actin and myosin.

Troponin stores Ca2+, which is released during skeletal muscle contraction, tropomyosin ensures that the actin and myosin filaments are properly aligned to each other.

Tropomyosin stores Ca2+, which is released during skeletal muscle contraction, troponin ensures that the actin and myosin filaments are properly aligned to each other.

Acetylcholinesterase is an important molecule at the neuromuscular junction because it ________.

actively degrades acetylcholine

stimulates muscle cell depolarization

synthesizes acetylcholine from acetic acid and choline

stimulates the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

directly activates acetylcholine receptors on the postsynaptic membrane

BIOL 2401 Exam 3 Review

Quiz

•

Science

•

University

•

Practice Problem

•

Hard

•

NGSS

HS-LS1-3, HS-PS2-5, HS-PS3-5

+5

Standards-aligned

Akino Agaca

FREE Resource

112 questions

Show all answers

1.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following conditions triggers the opening or closing of voltage-gated ion channels in a cell?

Binding with a chemical messenger

Interacting with a neurotransmitter or hormone

Changes in the relative distribution of charges

Binding with amino acid residues

2.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which ligand-gated ion channels operate?

They are gated by a chemical messenger that binds to the channel on the inside or outside of the cell.

They operate based on the relative distribution of charges in their local environment.

They respond only to changes in conformation caused by charged amino acid residues.

They're open or closed based on the depolarization of the cell membrane.

3.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Excitable cells ____________________.

are found in all tissue types

only send messages to other cells

have no nucleus

can generate an action potential in response to a graded potential

are also known as astrocytes

4.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

voltage-gated ion channel

gated by a change in the charge of their surrounding environment inside the cell

gated by a chemical messenger on the inside or outside of the cell

the movement of ions and other solutes across the cell membrane without energy input

the movement of ions and other solutes across the cell membrane using energy

ligand-gated ion channel

gated by a chemical messenger on the inside or outside of the cell

the movement of ions and other solutes across the cell membrane without energy input

the movement of ions and other solutes across the cell membrane using energy

a negatively charged ion

6.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

passive transport

the movement of ions and other solutes across the cell membrane without energy input

the movement of ions and other solutes across the cell membrane using energy

a negatively charged ion

a positively charged ion

7.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

active transport

the movement of ions and other solutes across the cell membrane using energy

a negatively charged ion

a positively charged ion

gated by a change in the charge of their surrounding environment inside the cell

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BIOL 2401 Exam 3 Review

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Which of the following conditions triggers the opening or closing of voltage-gated ion channels in a cell?

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which ligand-gated ion channels operate?

Excitable cells ____________________.

voltage-gated ion channel

ligand-gated ion channel

passive transport

active transport

anion

cation

What is the resting membrane potential of a typical neuron?

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