Ohm's Law relates voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R). Which is correct?

• V = I × R

• V = R ÷ I

• R = Power × V

• I = Power × R

An ideal voltage source is characterized by:

• Zero voltage

• Zero internal resistance

• Infinite internal resistance

• Variable voltage

In a transformer, mutual induction enables operation. What principle does this describe?

• Static induction

• Mutual induction

• Electrostatic induction

• Self induction

Power factor (PF) in AC systems is defined as:

• True power ÷ Apparent power

• Apparent power ÷ True power

• Real power × Reactive power

• Resistance ÷ Reactance

According to Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL), the sum of voltages around a closed loop equals:

• Conservation of energy

• Conservation of charge

• Zero

• Both A and C

Which component is considered passive?

• Transistor

• Diode

• Resistor

• MOSFET

In gases and liquids, current consists of the flow of:

• Only electrons

• Positive and negative ions

• Only positive ions

• None

Lenz's Law is used to determine the direction of:

• Electric field

• Magnetic field

• Induced current

• Electric potential

What is the RMS value of a sine-wave current?

• Peak × 0.5

• Average × 1.11

• Peak ÷ √2

• Peak × √2

Which statement is true for semiconductors?

• They're linear

• They can be analyzed with Ohm's law

• They have both electron and hole currents

• They only pass current one way