Antibiotics, Resistance, and Natural Selection

What type of cells do antibiotics primarily target?

• Eukaryotic cells

• Plant cells

• Prokaryotic cells

• Fungal cells

What process explains how bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics?

• Artificial selection

• Genetic engineering

• Natural selection

• Selective breeding

In a biological context, what primarily determines an organism's fitness?

• Its lifespan

• Its physical strength

• The number of offspring it produces

• Its ability to adapt to new environments

How are natural selection and evolution related?

• Natural selection is a type of evolution.

• Evolution is a mechanism of natural selection.

• Natural selection is a mechanism of evolution.

• They are two unrelated biological processes.

What is a key characteristic of mutations and variations in organisms?

• They occur intentionally to help survival.

• They are always beneficial.

• They are random.

• They are passed down only if they are dominant.

What is the long-term effect of a positive or advantageous trait on a population?

• The trait will disappear over time.

• The trait will become less frequent in the population.

• The trait will become more frequent in the population.

• The trait will only affect the lifespan of individuals.

When antibiotics are used, how do they contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria?

• They cause bacteria to intentionally mutate.

• They create new resistant traits in bacteria.

• They alter the environment, selecting for already resistant bacteria.

• They strengthen all bacteria, making them more resistant.

Besides reproduction, how can bacteria share resistance genes with other bacteria?

• Through photosynthesis

• Through conjugation

• Through respiration

• Through osmosis

Why is it important to only take antibiotics for bacterial infections and not for viral infections?

• Antibiotics are expensive and should be conserved.

• Antibiotics can cause severe side effects if taken unnecessarily.

• Unnecessary antibiotic use can lead to the selection of resistant bacteria.

• Antibiotics are only effective against viruses, not bacteria.

How do vaccines help in preventing bacterial infections?

• They directly kill bacteria in the body.

• They introduce antibiotics into the bloodstream.

• They help the immune system recognize and fight specific bacteria.

• They cause bacteria to become less harmful.