Lung and Heart 6

A teenaged cystic fibrosis client presents to the clinic. The health care provider (HCP) knows that cystic fibrosis (CF) causes severe chronic respiratory disease in children. In addition, the HCP should also focus his or her assessment on which of the other body systems affected by CF?

• Central nervous system

• Renal

• Cardiac

• Pancreatic

Respiratory acidosis can occur when:

• A runner has completed a very long marathon

• A person consumes excessive amounts of antacids

• A person’s breathing is shallow due to obstruction

• The kidneys secrete hydrogen ions

A falling blood pH and a rising partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to pneumonia or emphysema indicates:

• Respiratory acidosis

• Metabolic alkalosis

• Respiratory alkalosis

• Metabolic acidosis

What would be the most effective compensation for respiratory acidosis?

• The kidneys eliminating more bicarbonate ions

• The kidneys producing more bicarbonate ions

• The kidneys reabsorbing more hydrogen ions

• An increase in respiratory rate

The production of yellowish-green, cloudy, thick sputum is often an indication of:

• Cancer tumor

• Emphysema

• Bacterial infection

• Damage of lung tissue due to smoking

What does the term hemoptysis refer to?

• Bright red streaks of blood in frothy sputum

• Bloody exudate in the pleural cavity

• Thick, dark red sputum associated with pneumococcal infection

• Reddish-brown granular blood found in vomitus

Orthopnea is:

• Difficulty breathing when lying down

• Waking up suddenly, coughing, and struggling for breath

• Noisy breathing with stridor or rhonchi

• Very deep, rapid respirations

Signs and symptoms of acute sinusitis usually include:

• Severe localized pain in the facial bone and tenderness in the face

• Copious frothy sputum and dyspnea

• Fetid breath and sore throat

• Serous nasal discharge and chronic cough

What are early signs and symptoms of infectious rhinitis?

• Purulent nasal discharge and periorbital pain

• Copious purulent sputum, particularly in the morning

• Harsh barking cough and wheezing

• Serous nasal discharge, congestion, and sneezing

What is an early sign of bronchogenic carcinoma?

• Chronic cough

• Air trapping and overinflation of the lung

• Weight loss

• Bone pain