Define the term: basic.

Being neutral with a pH of exactly 7.

Define the term: buffer.

A solution that resists changes in pH when acid or alkali is added to it.

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction.

A device used to store electrical energy.

A type of protein found in cell membranes.

Define the term: chemical bond.

The force that holds atoms together in a molecule or compound.

A type of chemical reaction that releases energy.

A process in which substances are broken down into simpler forms.

The movement of electrons around the nucleus of an atom.

Define the term: chemical reaction.

A process that involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance.

A process where substances are only physically mixed without any change.

A process that only involves a change in state from solid to liquid.

A process where energy is neither absorbed nor released.

Define the term: cohesion.

The sticking together of particles of the same substance.

The process of a liquid turning into a gas.

The movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane.

The breaking apart of molecules due to heat.

Define the term: compound.

A substance formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically bonded together.

A mixture of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded.

A single element found on the periodic table.

A physical change in the state of matter.

Define the term: covalent bond.

A chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

A bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

A bond that occurs only between metals and nonmetals.

A force that holds ions together in a crystal lattice.

Define the term: electron.

A subatomic particle with a negative charge.

A positively charged particle found in the nucleus.

A neutral particle found in the nucleus.

Define the term: electron shell.

The outside part of an atom around the atomic nucleus where electrons are found.

A particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

The process by which atoms combine to form molecules.

The force that holds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus.

Define the term: element.

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

A mixture of two or more substances.

A compound formed by chemical reactions.

Define the term: free radical.

An atom or molecule with an unpaired electron, making it highly reactive.

A molecule that is always stable and unreactive.

An atom or molecule with all electrons paired, making it inert.

A compound that donates protons in a chemical reaction.

Define the term: hydrogen bond.

A weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction.

A type of covalent bond formed by sharing electrons equally.

A bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

A strong bond found only in metallic compounds.

Define the term: hydrophilic.

Having an affinity for water; readily absorbing or dissolving in water.

Repelling water; not mixing with water.

Having an affinity for oil; dissolving in nonpolar substances.

Unable to interact with water molecules.

Define the term: hydrophobic.

Repelling or failing to mix with water.

Attracting and dissolving in water.

Being neutral to water interaction.

Reacting chemically with water.

Define the term: ion.

An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

A particle with no mass or charge.

A molecule that cannot react with other substances.

An atom that has gained or lost protons.

Define the term: ionic bond.

A chemical bond formed between two ions with opposite charges.

A bond formed by sharing electrons equally between atoms.

A bond that occurs only between nonmetals.

A weak attraction between molecules due to temporary dipoles.

Define the term: isotope.

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

Atoms of different elements with the same number of protons.

Atoms of the same element with the same number of neutrons.

Atoms of different elements with different numbers of electrons.

Define the term: molecule.

A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound.

A single atom that cannot be broken down further.

A mixture of different substances that are not chemically bonded.

A charged particle formed when an atom gains or loses electrons.

Define the term: neutron.

A subatomic particle with no electric charge, found in the nucleus of an atom.

A positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

A negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom.

A particle responsible for chemical bonding between atoms.

Define the term: nonpolar covalent bond.

A type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms.

A type of bond where electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons unequally between two atoms.

A bond that occurs only between metal atoms.

Define the term: pH scale.

A scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.

A scale used to measure the temperature of a solution.

A scale used to determine the density of a liquid.

A scale used to measure the volume of a gas.

Define the term: polar covalent bond.

A covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally between atoms.

A bond formed by the complete transfer of electrons between atoms.

A bond in which electrons are shared equally between atoms.

A bond that occurs only between identical atoms.

Define the term: proton.

A subatomic particle with a positive charge, found in the nucleus of an atom.

A subatomic particle with a negative charge, found outside the nucleus.

A neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

A molecule that forms the basis of proteins.

Define the term: solvent.

A substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution.

A substance that cannot mix with any other substance.

A substance that forms a precipitate in every reaction.

Define the term: surface tension.

The elastic tendency of a fluid surface which makes it acquire the least surface area possible.

The force that opposes the motion of an object through a fluid.

The process by which a liquid changes into a gas at its surface.

The tendency of particles to move from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration.

The atom is made up of which particles, and what are their charges? Also, what do atomic number and atomic mass represent?

Protons (positive), neutrons (neutral), electrons (negative); atomic number is the number of protons, atomic mass is the sum of protons and neutrons.

Protons (negative), neutrons (positive), electrons (neutral); atomic number is the number of electrons, atomic mass is the sum of electrons and neutrons.

Protons (neutral), neutrons (negative), electrons (positive); atomic number is the number of neutrons, atomic mass is the sum of protons and electrons.

Protons (positive), neutrons (negative), electrons (neutral); atomic number is the number of protons, atomic mass is the sum of electrons and neutrons.

An isotope is defined as:

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Atoms of different elements with the same number of protons

Atoms with the same mass number but different atomic numbers

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of protons

A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds, and a compound is a substance made from two or more different elements chemically bonded together.

A molecule is a single atom, and a compound is a mixture of elements.

A molecule is a substance made from different elements, and a compound is a group of atoms of the same element.

A molecule and a compound are both single atoms.

The three types of chemical bonds are:

Ionic, metallic, and van der Waals

Covalent, metallic, and peptide

Hydrogen, peptide, and disulfide

Identify the key difference between polar and non-polar molecules and recognize which of the following is an example of a polar molecule.

Polar molecules have an unequal sharing of electrons; water (H₂O) is an example of a polar molecule.

Polar molecules have an equal sharing of electrons; carbon dioxide (CO₂) is an example of a polar molecule.

Non-polar molecules have an unequal sharing of electrons; ammonia (NH₃) is an example of a non-polar molecule.

Non-polar molecules have a partial positive and negative end; methane (CH₄) is an example of a polar molecule.

Hydrogen bonds form in polar molecules and are easy to break. What unique property do they give to water?

They are responsible for the unique properties of water.

They make water a good conductor of electricity.

They prevent water from forming ice.

Why is a neon atom (atomic #10) more stable than a nitrogen atom (atomic #7)?

Eight electrons completely fill its outermost electron shell

Two electrons completely fill its outermost electron shell

Neon atoms, react, readily with other gases

The outermost electron shell is half empty

A buffer is a substance that helps the body maintain homeostasis by:

Resisting changes in pH when acids or bases are added

Increasing the body's temperature rapidly

Breaking down proteins into amino acids

Transporting oxygen in the blood

When a substance measures five on the pH scale, that substance _______.

Has greater consultation of H+ plus than OH- ions

Has equal concentration of H+ and OH- ions

What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds?

Covalent bonds and involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, ionic bonds, involve the electrical attraction between atoms

Covalent bonds, involve the transfer of electrons between atoms, ionic bonds, involve the sharing of electrons

Covalent bond are formed between atoms to form molecules, ionic bonds are formed between atoms to form compounds

Chapter 2: Atoms, Molecules and Life Study Guide

Authored by Jasmine Greer

Biology

University

NGSS covered

Used 1+ times

Chapter 2: Atoms, Molecules and Life Study Guide

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

Define the term: acid.

A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.

A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.

A substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions in a solution.

A substance that does not affect the pH of a solution.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

Define the term: acidic.

Having a pH less than 7; having the properties of an acid.

Having a pH greater than 7; having the properties of a base.

Neutral in nature, with a pH of exactly 7.

Unable to dissolve in water.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

Define the term: antioxidant.

A substance that inhibits oxidation, especially one used to counteract the deterioration of stored food products or remove potentially damaging oxidizing agents in a living organism.

A compound that increases the rate of oxidation in food products.

A type of enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach.

A mineral required for bone formation.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

Define the term: atom.

The basic unit of a chemical element.

A type of molecule found only in living things.

A large structure made of many cells.

A process by which plants make food.

Define the term: atomic nucleus.

The central part of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons.

The outermost shell of an atom, containing electrons.

A molecule formed by the combination of two atoms.

The process by which atoms bond together.

Define the term: atomic number.

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

The number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

The total number of electrons in an atom.

The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

Define the term: base.

A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.

A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.

A substance that does not affect the pH of a solution.

A substance that is always solid at room temperature.

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