Weathering and Erosion

What is the term used for forces that originate outside the Earth’s surface and shape landforms through erosion?

• Endogenic forces
• Seismic forces
• Exogenic forces
• Tectonic forces

What is the process by which rocks are broken down without altering their mineral composition?

• Oxidation
• Chemical weathering
• Erosion
• Physical weathering

What do we call the loose, broken pieces of rock found at the base of mountains due to freeze-thaw weathering?

• Talus slopes
• Screes
• Dunes
• Boulders

Which agent of erosion is most responsible for the formation of underground caves like the Cango Caves?

• Wind
• Glaciers
• Running water
• Carbonation

Which statement best describes exfoliation?

• Water enters cracks and expands when frozen
• Rocks rust due to oxygen exposure
• Rock surfaces peel due to heating and cooling cycles
• Sand grains deposit and build land

Why do rocks undergo granular disintegration?

• Due to the presence of carbonic acid
• Due to rust formation in minerals
• Because mineral grains expand and contract with temperature changes
• Because water freezes in cracks

What is the main difference between weathering and erosion?

• Weathering involves ice, erosion does not
• Weathering breaks rocks chemically only, erosion only moves rocks
• Weathering breaks down rocks; erosion transports the weathered material
• Weathering occurs in oceans, erosion on land

A geographer studying a dry desert region notices that large flakes of rock have peeled away from a cliff face. What type of weathering is this likely due to?

• Oxidation
• Exfoliation
• Freeze-thaw
• Carbonation

If you find red-coloured sand near the coast, what type of weathering likely caused it?

• Carbonation
• Oxidation
• Ice shattering
• Exfoliation

Which of the following combinations of weathering and erosion is most likely to shape a high mountain environment?

• Freeze-thaw weathering and glacial erosion
• Oxidation and deposition
• Exfoliation and wind erosion
• Granular disintegration and sea waves