EAS Logic 9.1

Instructions: Read each example below and identify which logical fallacy it represents. The fallacies to choose from are Hasty Generalization, Post Hoc Propter Hoc, Weak Analogy, or Anecdotal Fallacy. Write your answer in the space provided. Each fallacy has three examples. 1. After observing only one experiment where a plant grew taller with fertilizer, a student concludes that all plants will grow twice as fast with any fertilizer.

• Hasty Generalization

• Post Hoc Propter Hoc

• Weak Analogy

• Anecdotal Fallacy

Instructions: Read each example below and identify which logical fallacy it represents. The fallacies to choose from are Hasty Generalization, Post Hoc Propter Hoc, Weak Analogy, or Anecdotal Fallacy. Write your answer in the space provided. Each fallacy has three examples. 2. A scientist compares the human brain to a computer, saying both store information the same way, even though computers lack emotions and consciousness.

• Weak Analogy

• Hasty Generalization

• Post Hoc Propter Hoc

• Anecdotal Fallacy

A student says, “I drank water before my science test and got an A, so drinking water must improve test scores.”

• Post Hoc Propter Hoc

• Appeal to Authority

• False Dilemma

• Slippery Slope

A researcher claims that because one lab rat developed cancer after exposure to a chemical, the chemical must cause cancer in all animals.

• Hasty Generalization

• False Cause

• Appeal to Authority

• Slippery Slope

Someone argues that because their friend recovered from a cold after taking vitamin C, vitamin C cures colds for everyone.

• Anecdotal Fallacy

• Straw Man Fallacy

• False Dilemma

• Slippery Slope

A student compares the spread of a virus to water flowing through a pipe, ignoring that viruses require living hosts to spread.

• Weak Analogy

• False Cause

• Circular Reasoning

• Appeal to Authority

A person notices that it rained after they left their umbrella at home and concludes that forgetting their umbrella causes rain.

• Post Hoc Propter Hoc

• Ad Hominem

• False Dilemma

• Appeal to Authority

After studying one type of fish in a single lake, a biologist claims that all fish species in all lakes behave the same way.

• Hasty Generalization

• False Cause

• Circular Reasoning

• Appeal to Authority

A student says, “My cousin used a special lamp to help his plant grow, so everyone should use that lamp for better plant growth.” Fallacy: ______________________

• Hasty Generalization

• False Cause

• Appeal to Authority

• Slippery Slope

A scientist compares the growth of bacteria to the expansion of the universe, even though the two processes involve completely different mechanisms.

• False Analogy

• Circular Reasoning

• Slippery Slope

• Red Herring