What component in an integrated system ensures synchronized operation between software and hardware?

• Output device

• Operating System

• Firewall

• Router

Which memory is used to store firmware instructions permanently?

• RAM

• ROM

• Cache

• Register

Which network topology provides redundancy and high fault tolerance?

• Bus

• Star

• Ring

• Mesh

In virtualization, which type of hypervisor runs directly on physical hardware?

• Type 2

• Emulator

• Type 1

• Container

What is the decimal equivalent of the binary number 10110?

• 20

• 22

• 24

• 26

Which of the following is **not** an input device?

• Joystick

• Microphone

• Monitor

• Touchscreen

Which format is most suitable for compressing and storing audio data efficiently?

• TXT

• JPEG

• MP3

• CSV

Which protocol ensures reliable data transfer across networks?

• HTTP

• FTP

• TCP

• UDP

Which type of storage uses flash memory and is faster than traditional hard drives?

• HDD

• SSD

• Tape Drive

• Optical Disk

A system that adjusts air conditioning based on temperature input is an example of:

• Open-loop system

• Standalone application

• Embedded system

• Cloud-based system