Tutorial 5 - UL & LL Deformity ( Datin Vasanthie ) Pre

A newborn baby presents with clinical findings such as inward turning of the foot, plantar flexion, varus, and adduction. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis based on these clinical findings?

• Osteogenesis imperfecta

• Developmental dysplasia of the hip

• Talipes equinovarus (Clubfoot)

• Cerebral palsy

An elderly patient presents with pain and deformity in the big toe joint. Physical examination reveals lateral deviation of the big toe, along with a prominent bunion. The patient reports difficulty with shoe wear and walking due to the deformity. What is the best initial conservative management approach recommended for this patient?

• Surgical correction

• NSAIDs

• Wide-toe box shoes

• Stretching exercise

A 3-year-old child is noted to have bow legs, where there is a distinct space between the knees when the child stands with their feet together. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this child's presentation?

• Marfan syndrome

• Rickets

• Osgood-Schlatter Disease

• Genu valgum

A pediatrician evaluates a 4-week-old infant who presents with a tilting of the head to one side and restricted neck movement. The infant's parents report noticing the neck asymmetry since birth. Upon examination, the pediatrician observes a palpable mass in the sternocleidomastoid muscle on the affected side. Which of there are not the causes of this congenital condition?

• Oligohydramnios

• Abnormal intrauterine position

• Genetic predisposition

• Traumatic delivery

A 7-year-old child sustains a fall and injures their elbow. Following the injury, the child's parents notice a visible deformity in the affected arm. Upon examination by the orthopedic surgeon, it is determined that the child has developed a specific type of elbow deformity known as a gunstock deformity. What are the key characteristics of gunstock deformity in children?

• Inward angulation of the forearm

• Commonly resolves spontaneously without intervention

• Outward angulation of the forearm

• Limited range of motion in the elbow

A 10-year-old child is brought to the clinic by their parents due to concerns about their walking pattern. The parents have noticed that the child's feet point outward when they walk, a condition known as out-toeing gait. Which of the following is the most likely cause of out-toeing gait in this child?

• Metatarsus Adductus

• Talipes Equinovarus

• Femoral Anteversion

• Femoral Retroversion

A 45-year-old woman presents with a high arch in her foot, leading to an excessive weight-bearing on the ball and heel. She experiences pain and instability while walking due to the lack of shock absorption. Which of the following conditions is most likely associated with this foot deformity?

• Charcot-Marie-tooth disease

• Plantar fascitis

• Metatarsalgia

• Pes planus

A 50-year-old man presents with bilateral flat feet and reports pain in his feet and lower limbs after walking long distances. Which of the following statements regarding pes planus is correct?

• Pes planus is typically asymptomatic and does not require treatment.

• Pes planus is often associated with overpronation of the foot.

• Pes planus can lead to increased stability during walking and running.

• Pes planus is characterized by a high arch of the foot.

A 10-year-old child is diagnosed with cubitus valgus. What is the most appropriate management strategy for this condition?

• Prescribe orthotic devices to support the elbow joint

• Physical therapy to strengthen the muscles around the elbow

• Surgical correction to improve the carrying angle of the elbow

• Observation only, as cubitus valgus typically resolves on its own.

During a physical therapy session, a therapist observes a patient demonstrating excessive hyperextension of the knee joint beyond the normal range. This condition is known as:

• Genus Varum

• Genus Valgum

• Genus Recurvatum

• Genus Flexum