Exploring Atomic Structure and Theory

Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?

• Proton

• Neutron

• Electron

• Positron

Who proposed the first modern atomic theory based on experimental evidence?

• Niels Bohr

• John Dalton

• Ernest Rutherford

• J.J. Thomson

What does the atomic number of an element represent?

• The number of neutrons in the nucleus

• The number of protons in the nucleus

• The total number of electrons and protons

• The mass number of the atom

Which experiment led to the discovery of the nucleus in the atom?

• Millikan’s oil drop experiment

• Rutherford’s gold foil experiment

• Bohr’s bright line spectra interpretation

• Thomson’s cathode ray experiment

Which of the following best describes an isotope?

• Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

• Atoms with different numbers of protons and electrons

• Atoms with the same mass number but different atomic numbers

• Atoms with the same number of neutrons but different numbers of protons

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If an atom has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons, what is its charge?

• +1

• 0 (neutral)

• -1

• +2

Which model of the atom explains the emission of discrete lines in the hydrogen spectrum?

• Dalton’s solid sphere model

• Rutherford’s nuclear model

• Bohr’s planetary model

• Thomson’s plum pudding model

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• 36.0 u

• 35.5 u

• 35.0 u

• 37.0 u

A scientist uses a spectrometer to analyze the light from a distant star and observes specific absorption lines. What can be inferred from these lines?

• The star is made entirely of hydrogen

• The elements present in the star’s atmosphere

• The temperature of the star’s core

• The age of the star

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Explain how Rutherford’s gold foil experiment changed the understanding of atomic structure and led to the development of the nuclear model of the atom.

• It showed that atoms are indivisible and solid.

• It demonstrated that electrons are embedded in a positive sphere.

• It revealed that atoms have a small, dense, positively charged nucleus, with most of the atom being empty space.

• It proved that atoms have equal numbers of protons and neutrons.

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