Passage 1: The story of silk

to limit the size, amount or range of something

• restrict (verb) /rɪˈstrɪkt/: hạn chế

• expand (verb) /ɪkˈspænd/: mở rộng

• increase (verb) /ɪnˈkriːs/: tăng lên

• allow (verb) /əˈlaʊ/: cho phép

a person or a company that buys goods from the company that makes them and sells them to somebody else

• distributor

• retailer

• middlemen (noun) /ˈmɪdlmæn/: người trung gian

• manufacturer

to prevent something from happening; to prevent a feeling from being expressed.

• stifle (verb) /ˈstaɪfl/: bóp nghẹt

• suppress (verb) /səˈprɛs/: ngăn chặn

• encourage (verb) /ɪnˈkɜːrɪdʒ/: khuyến khích

• release (verb) /rɪˈliːs/: thả ra

to hide somebody/something

• conceal (verb) /kənˈsiːl/: giấu kín

• reveal (verb) /rɪˈviːl/: tiết lộ

• expose (verb) /ɪkˈspoʊz/: phơi bày

• disclose (verb) /dɪsˈkloʊz/: công khai

to take control of a country or city and its people by force

• conquer (verb) /ˈkɒŋkə(r)/: chinh phục

• liberate (verb): giải phóng

• negotiate (verb): đàm phán

• colonize (verb): thực dân hóa

tending or liking to hide your thoughts, feelings, actions, etc. from other people

• secretive (adj) /ˈsiːkrətɪv/: bí mật

• outspoken (adj) /aʊtˈspoʊkən/: thẳng thắn

• transparent (adj) /trænˈspɛr.ənt/: minh bạch

• gregarious (adj) /ɡrɪˈɡɛr.i.əs/: thích giao du

a person who comes from a family of high social rank; a member of the nobility

• noble (noun) /ˈnəʊbl/: hoàng gia

• commoner (noun): người bình thường

• peasant (noun): nông dân

• merchant (noun): thương nhân

goods that are bought or sold; goods that are for sale in a shop

• commodity (noun) /kəˈmɒdəti/: hàng hoá

• product (noun) /ˈprɒdʌkt/: sản phẩm

• service (noun) /ˈsɜːrvɪs/: dịch vụ

• merchandise (noun) /ˈmɜːrʧəndaɪs/: hàng hóa

a member of a religious group of men who often live apart from other people in a monastery and who do not marry or have personal possessions

• monk (noun) /mʌŋk/: nhà sư

• priest (noun): linh mục

• hermit (noun): ẩn sĩ

• ascetic (noun): khổ hạnh

from or in another country, especially a tropical one; seeming exciting and unusual because it seems to be connected with foreign countries

• exotic (adj) /ɪɡˈzɒtɪk/: ngoại quốc, bên ngoài

• mundane (adj): ordinary, commonplace

• domestic (adj): relating to the home or family

• familiar (adj): well-known or easily recognized