IMSPQ F3 03 July - Renal

The principal nerve supply of the urinary bladder is carried through the pelvic nerves, which originate from S2 and S3.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Tabes dorsalis is a constrictive fibrosis around the dorsal root nerve fibers and it can destroying them. This condition is causes by gonorrhea.

• TRUE

• FALSE

The macula densa cells detect a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by sensing reduced potassium ion concentration in the distal tubule, due to increased reabsorption of potassium in the loop of Henle.

• TRUE

• FALSE

The proximal tubule is a nephron segment that permits paracellular reabsorption of substances such as potassium, magnesium, and chloride ions along with water.

• TRUE

• FALSE

The transport maximum for glucose in the proximal tubule is approximately 375 mg/min, meaning that when the filtered load of glucose exceeds this value, glucose will appear in the urine.

• TRUE

• FALSE

The high water permeability in the proximal tubule and descending loop of Henle is due to abundant expression of aquaporin-2 (AQP-2) in both the luminal and basolateral membranes.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) greatly increases the water permeability in the distal and collecting tubules.

• TRUE

• FALSE

In the thin segments of the loop of Henle, passive secretion of urea from the medullary interstitium into the tubule is facilitated by the urea transporter UT-A1.

• TRUE

• FALSE

The term osmoreceptors refers to neurons located in the AV3V region and supraoptic nuclei that are excited by small increases in extracellular fluid osmolarity.

• TRUE

• FALSE

As cells are destroyed (cell-lycis), the large amounts of sodium contained in the cells are released into the extracellular fluid causes hypernatremia.

• TRUE

• FALSE