Echocardiography 2

A 56-year-old male is undergoing a mitral valve replacement via thoracotomy. What is shown in the image pointed by arrow?

• Crista terminalis

• Side-lobe artifact

• Chiari network

• Eustachian valve

In image here, which Doppler artifact is shown?

• Aliasing

• Spectral Doppler mirroring

• Pseudoflow

• Twinkling

What should be adjusted to improve the Doppler spectral signal in this image?

• Increase the wall filter

• Reduce the wall filter

• Increase the gain

• Reduce the gain

The image shown here demonstrates the following:

• Mirror artifact

• Mirror artifact and pleural effusion

• Mirror artifact, reverberation artifact, and a pericardial

  effusion

• Mirror artifact, enhancement, and reverberation artifact

Which structure is highlighted in this TTE view?

• Superior vena cava

• Inferior vena cava

• Eustachian valve

• Coronary sinus

Which aortic valve coronary cusp is starred in this image?

• Septal

• Right

• Left

• Noncoronary

A 62-year-old female with a long history of tobacco use and hypertension was referred for an echocardiogram following the detection of atrial fibrillation.

What structure is the arrow pointing to in this image?

• Accessory band

• Papillary muscle

• Moderator band

• Chordae tendineae

Which of these M-mode images is suggestive of valvular aortic stenosis?

• 
• 
• 
• 

A 76-year-old male undergoes single-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting with left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to the left anterior descending coronary artery. During weaning from bypass, the surgeon called the echocardiographer to the operating room to review the TEE before closing the chest. The patient’s preoperative echo had mild to moderate (2+) MR with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. The surgeon reported all his vessels have good flow including the new LIMA graft by Doppler.

What is the etiology of mitral regurgitation in this patient?

• Occlusion of the LIMA graft

• Stunned myocardium

• The preoperative echo was likely misread

• Ischemic papillary muscle

End-diastolic diameter 50 mm

End-systolic diameter 25 mm

Interventricular septum in systole 1.1 cm

Posterior wall in diastole 1.0 cm

What is the fractional shortening?

• 35%

• 24%

• 50%

• 30%