ALCOHOL METABOLISM

What is the primary enzyme responsible for the conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde in the liver?

• Alcohol dehydrogenase

• Catalase

• MEOS

CBL: Case-Based Learning Scenario

Case: A 36 year old male is brought to the emergency department with confusion, nausea, and blurred vision. His friends report he had consumed homemade liquor the night before. His breath has a fruity odor, and fundus examination shows signs of optic nerve damage. Lab tests show high anion gap metabolic acidosis.

1. What is the most likely diagnosis?

• Alcohol intoxication

• Methanol poisoning

• Fatty liver

• Alcohol ketoacidosis

CBL: Case-Based Learning Scenario

Case: A 45 year old female presents to the clinic with severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and confusion. She has a history of binge drinking and reports consuming a large quantity of alcohol the previous night. Physical examination reveals jaundice and asterixis. Lab tests indicate elevated liver enzymes and a high anion gap.

1. What is the most likely diagnosis?

• Acute liver failure

• Pancreatitis

• Alcohol withdrawal syndrome

• Alcoholic hepatitis

Which of the following is a lipotropic factor important for preventing fatty liver?

• Ethanol

• Acetyldehye

• NADH

• Choline

alcohol-induced hypoglycemia, which gluconeogenic intermediate is reduced due to high NADH/NAD+ ratio?

• Citrate

• Pyruvate

• Glucose

• Acetyl-CoA

Which of the following metabolic changes does NOT occur in chronic alcohol use?

• Fatty liver

• Ketogenesis

• Lactic acidosis

• Increased gluconeogenesis

What is the calorific value (kcal/gm) of ethanol?

• 8

• 6

• 7

• 9

What is the primary metabolic pathway for ethanol oxidation in the liver?

• Glycolysis

• Citric acid cycle

• Alcohol dehydrogenase pathway

• Fatty acid synthesis

In the context of alcohol metabolism, what effect does a high NADH/NAD+ ratio have on the liver?

• Increased fatty acid oxidation

• Inhibition of gluconeogenesis

• Enhanced ketogenesis

• Decreased lactate production

In the context of alcohol metabolism, what is the consequence of increased NADH levels?

• Promotion of lactic acid production

• Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis

• Enhanced protein synthesis

• Increased gluconeogenesis