A & P Exam 2

What defense mechanism responds to the presence of foreign antigens by initiating a cascade of reactions, resulting in inflammation and enhanced phagocytosis in the area?

• Interferon

• Natural killer cells

• Adaptive defenses

• Complement system

What are pathogens?

• Disease-causing agents

• Phagocytic leukocytes

• A type of antibody

• Agents that alter DNA base sequences

Following contact with its targeted antigen, a B cell will divide and differentiate into__________ which produce and secrete antibodies.

What is the result of a cellular immune response?

• B cells produce antibodies that attack antigens.

• T cells attach directly to cells displaying foreign antigens and destroy them.

• T cells produce antibodies that attack antigens.

• B cells attach directly to cells displaying foreign antigens and destroy them.

Which of the following occurs during an adaptive immune response?

• Production of defensins

• Production of antibodies

• Phagocytosis

• Production of interferon

What is opsonization?

• Process of directly causing the rupture of a foreign cell.

• Process of coating of an antigen with proteins to make it more readily phagocytized.

• Process of binding of antibodies to the toxic region of an antigen, making it unable to have its toxic effect.

• Process of activating helper T cells.

What role does the lymphatic system have in influencing body fluids?

• It adds hypotonic fluid to any tissue fluid that has an elevated solute concentration.

• It moves excess tissue fluid from the interstitium to the bloodstream.

• It provides the fluid needed to bathe tissue cells in nutrient-rich fluid.

• It moves tissue fluid from one area to another, ensuring that all tissue fluid levels are consistent.

What occurs during a primary immune response?

• The plasma antibody concentration increases gradually, continually increasing until about 2 months after antigen exposure, when antibody levels begins to drop.

• The plasma antibody concentration increases rapidly with maximal levels occurring at about 1-2 days after exposure. Concentration drops off quickly at about day 5.

• The plasma antibody concentration increases rapidly with maximal levels occurring at about 1-2 days after exposure. Concentration remains high for prolonged period.

• The plasma antibody concentration increases slowly, peaking at about 10-12 days after exposure to antigen.

When does aging of the lymphatic system begin?

• Shortly after birth

• Before birth

• After age 50

• At birth

As a result of an allergen binding to an IgE antibody, mast cells release histamine.

• True

• False