7/07

A participant is shown to have 5 full sleep cycles over an 8-hour period. Each cycle lasts approximately 90 minutes, with increasing time in REM sleep and decreasing time in NREM Stage 3 across the night.
What does this sleep architecture suggest about the body’s sleep pattern?

• REM sleep occurs predominantly in the early stages of the night

• Deep NREM sleep becomes more dominant as the night progresses

• REM sleep increases in duration toward morning

• Stage 1 NREM sleep becomes deeper as morning approaches

An EEG shows alpha waves during relaxation, followed by theta and then delta waves. Later, bursts of low-voltage, high-frequency activity are recorded, accompanied by rapid eye movements and muscle atonia.
During which stage of sleep was the final EEG activity most likely recorded?

• NREM stage 1

• NREM stage 2

• NREM stage 3

• REM

Which conclusion is most supported by the data?

• Total sleep duration increases with age

• REM and total sleep duration decline with age

• REM sleep remains stable throughout life

• Older adults require more REM sleep than infants

EEG readings show irregular, low-amplitude, high-frequency waves with bursts of eye movement. EMG indicates muscle atonia.
Which function is most active during this stage?

• Dreaming and memory processing

• Body temperature regulation

• Muscle repair

• Immune response

A chart shows that teenagers who get less than 6 hours of sleep per night score lower on attention and mood stability scales than those who get 8 hours.
This evidence supports which conclusion?

• Sleep restriction improves resilience

• Mood and attention decreases with increased sleep

• Cognitive and emotional functioning are vulnerable to partial sleep deprivation

• Teenagers require a higher duration of sleep than adults

A student’s sleep diary shows frequent awakenings throughout the night and a consistent pattern of falling asleep late and waking late. When should CBT be applied to shift this student's sleep-wake cycle appropriately?

• Early in the morning

• Late at night

• At midday

• CBT is not appropriate in this case

A student is asked to recall a list of words after 5 hours of sleep versus 8 hours. Performance is significantly lower in the 5-hour condition.

This supports the idea that

• REM sleep prevents memory loss

• NREM Stage 2 improves sensory recall

• Memory is unaffected by sleep length

• Sleep enhances memory consolidation

After staying up for 48 hours, a person reports irritability, difficulty reading road signs, and brief lapses in attention.
Which effect of sleep deprivation is being demonstrated?

• Increased emotional stability

• Impaired motor reflexes

• Balance and coordination issues

• Impaired cognitive and recognition processes

Which one of the following options names and explains the type of rhythm shown in the graph above?

• ultradian rhythm, because melatonin levels fluctuate in the cycle

• ultradian rhythm, because melatonin release follows a 24-hour pattern peaking at 3 am

• circadian rhythm, because the level of melatonin peaks during the night and returns to normal during the day

• circadian rhythm, because the build-up of melatonin occurs as part of the cycle, which is shorter than 24 hours

Zachary and Zoe are teenagers. Zachary has been asleep for 20 minutes and Zoe has been asleep for 50 minutes. Which of the following options indicates the stage of sleep Zachary and Zoe are most likely to be in?

• REM sleep, NREM 3

• NREM 2, NREM 3

• NREM 1, REM

• NREM 3, NREM 2