Exam 2 Review study guide: Ch. 8-11

Allosteric feedback inhibition is best described by which of the following statements?

• A molecule binds to an enzyme at a site other than the active site, causing a change in enzyme activity.

• A substrate binds directly to the active site of an enzyme, increasing its activity.

• An enzyme is permanently deactivated by a covalent modification at the active site.

• A product of a reaction binds to the active site, blocking substrate binding.

Which of the following produces the NADH and ATP? You can pick more than one.

• Transition reaction

• Glycolysis

• Krebs Cycle

• Electron Transfer Chain

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What is the final electron acceptor in the ETC for aerobic respiration?

• H+

• NAD+

• O2

• ADP

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Anaerobic respiration includes all the following characteristics except?

• Can produce up to 36 ATP

• A different final electron acceptor than O2

• Goes through the same steps as aerobic respiration

• Needs oxygen to move the electron down the membrane in the electron transport chain

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Differentiate between oxidative phosphorylation and substrate-level phosphorylation, and identify when each occurs in cell respiration.

• Oxidative phosphorylation uses the electron transport chain and occurs in the mitochondria, while substrate-level phosphorylation occurs during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.

• Both oxidative phosphorylation and substrate-level phosphorylation occur only during glycolysis.

• Substrate-level phosphorylation uses the electron transport chain, while oxidative phosphorylation occurs during glycolysis.

• Oxidative phosphorylation and substrate-level phosphorylation are identical processes that occur simultaneously throughout cell respiration.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

The overarching chemical equation for cellular respiration is C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O, and for photosynthesis it is 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2. In cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized and oxygen is reduced. Which of the following correctly matches the equations and the molecules oxidized/reduced?

• Cellular respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O (glucose oxidized, oxygen reduced); Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

• Cellular respiration: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 (CO2 oxidized, water reduced); Photosynthesis: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

• Cellular respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O (oxygen oxidized, glucose reduced); Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

• Cellular respiration: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 (glucose reduced, oxygen oxidized); Photosynthesis: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

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Prokaryotic cells produce more net ATP from glucose than eukaryotes because:

• they do not use ATP to transport pyruvate into mitochondria

• they don't have an investment stage

• they use a different type of glucose

• they lack glycolysis

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

There are two major types of fermentation. Which of the following correctly describes both types, their purpose, and their result?

• Alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation; both convert glucose to NAD+ in the absence of oxygen, producing either alcohol and CO2 or lactic acid as a result.

• Aerobic and anaerobic fermentation; both require oxygen and produce water as a result.

• Alcoholic fermentation and acetic acid fermentation; both convert proteins to amino acids, producing alcohol and vinegar.

• Lactic acid fermentation and butyric acid fermentation; both use sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen.

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NGSS.HS-LS2-3

The reactions that occur in the mitochondria (cellular respiration) are related to photosynthesis in which of the following ways?

• The products of photosynthesis are the reactants for cellular respiration.

• Cellular respiration and photosynthesis use the same energy source.

• Photosynthesis occurs only in mitochondria, just like cellular respiration.

• Cellular respiration produces oxygen, which is used in photosynthesis.

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Some factors that can affect an enzyme's function include temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and the presence of inhibitors. Which of the following is an example of a factor that can affect enzyme function?

• Temperature

• Color

• Shape of container

• Amount of light