Define performance-based navigation (PBN).

Area navigation based on performance requirements for aircraft operating along an ATS route, on an instrument approach procedure or in a designated airspace.

A three-dimensional optimum flight path computed by the FMS with reference to aircraft data stored in its performance database and pilot-entered flight parameters.

The selection of airway routings and instrument procedures according to the performance capabilities and rights specified in the licenses of the pilots.

A specified combination of ground- and satellite-based as well as inertial navigation equipment designed to ensure a performance which allows aircraft to be operated in certain airspaces or along ATS routes.

Which of the following are components of PBN?

3. The navigation specification

Which statement is true if you compare raw data with compute data?

Conventional radio navigation is based on raw data like information from navigation aids and measured air data.

Sensor-based data is often referred to raw data. PBN is mainly based on such data.

PBN is based on computed data which is highly sensor specific.

Raw data are based on computed data.

"X" in RNAV X or RNP X is the (1)_________ navigation accuracy (total system error) in (2)_______, which is expected to be achieved at least (3)______ of the flight time by the population of aircraft operating within the airspace, route or procedure.

(1) longitudinal; (2) NM; (3) 99%

RNAV 10 and RN P 4 are used:

in the oceanic and remote phase of flight.

in the approach phase of flight.

in all phases of flight, except in the oceanic and remote phase of flight.

in the en-route, approach and departure phase of flight.

RNAV 1 and RNP 1 are used:

in the arrival and departure phases of flight.

in all phases of flight, except for oceanic and remove phases.

in the arrival phases of flight.

in the departure phases of flight.

in the en-route, oceanic and remote phases of flight.

in the en-route and terminal phases of flight.

in oceanic and remote phases of flight.

State the difference between Area Navigation (RNAV) and Required Navigation Performance (RNP). RNP is RNAV that includes requirements for:

on-board performance monitoring and alerting.

integrating air traffic control (ATC) surveillance monitoring and alerting.

ground-based and satellite-based performance monitoring and alerting.

satellite-based performance monitoring and alerting.

in the approach phase of flight.

in all phases of flight, except for oceanic and remote phases.

in all phases of flight, except for approach phases.

in the arrival and en-route phases of flight.

in the approach phase of flight.

in all phases of flight, except for approach phases.

in all phases of flight, except for remote phases.

in the arrival, approach and en-route phases of flight.

Which of the following statements is true about RNP / RNAV navigation specifications?

Aircraft approved for the more stringent accuracy requirements may not necessarily meet some of the functional requirements of the navigation specification that has a less stringent accuracy requirement.

Aircraft approved for the more stringent functional requirements automatically meet the accuracy requirements of the navigation specification that has a less stringent functional requirement.

Aircraft approved for the more stringent accuracy requirements automatically meet the functional requirements of the navigation specification that has a less stringent accuracy requirement.

Accuracy requirements are always similar to the functional requirements.

RNP 0.3 navigation specification is used:

in all phases of flight, except for oceanic, remote and final approach phases.

in all phases of flight, except for the final approach phase.

in all phases of flight, except for oceanic and remote phases.

RNAV 2 might be used:

in the en-route continental, arrival and departure phases of flight.

in oceanic and remote phases of flight.

in all phases of flight except approach phases

in all phases of flight, except for oceanic/remote and final approach, primarily far helicopters.

in oceanic phases of flights or over remote areas where the navaid infrastructure is rather weak compared to populated mainland areas.

mainly on arrival and departure phases of flight.

RNP 5 (Required Navigation Performance) requires a navigation accuracy of:

+/- 5 NM lateral 95% of the flight time.

+/- 5 NM lateral 99% of the flight time.

+/- 5 km lateral 90% of the flight time.

+/- 0.5 NM lateral 95% of the flight time.

The PBN path terminators define:

a specific type of termination of RNP or RNAV procedures.

a specific type of termination of ATC clearances.

a specific type of termination of a flight plan.

a specific type of termination of the previous flight path.

What is correct about fly-by/fly-over waypoints and turns?

A fly-by waypoint is a waypoint which requires turn anticipation to allow tangential interception of the next segment of a route or procedure.

A turn via a fly-over waypoint is always shorter than a rum via a fly-by waypoint.

A fly-by waypoint is a waypoint at which a turn is initiated in order to join the next segment of a route or procedure.

A fly-over waypoint is a waypoint which requires rum anticipation to allow tangential interception of the next segment of a route or procedure.

During an RNP approach in the final approach segment. a message saying UNABLE RNP is displayed on the GNSS receiver. What should the pilot do?

Continue using alternative means of navigation, if available (e.g. VOR, ILS).

Limit the maximum deflection to half the instrument scale instead of full scale.

Continue the approach to the next higher available minima only (e.g. LNAV instead of LNAV/VNAV)

In preparation for an RNP approach, the GNSS equipment intended to be used shows a RAIM prediction error. This means, that...

at the expected time of approach, an insufficient number of satellites to assure fault detection is predicted to be available.

at the expected time of approach, the predicted navigation accuracy of the system is worse than the requirement far that approach coded in the database.

the GNSS cannot calculate the estimated time of arrival at the initial approach fix.

the automatic RAIM prediction function has failed and the pilot has to verify the number of available satellites with the ATC.

An RNP APCH to LNAV/VNAV minima based on BARO-VNAV can only be conducted when the aircraft is within a promulgated temperature range. The reason for this is that: (Assume: automatic correction system not installed)

the assessment of the vertical position of the aircraft, in relation to the glide path angle (GPA) during the approach is based on barometric data.

static vents can be blocked due to icing when approaching in IMC, hence leading to a loss of vertical guidance.

the difference between true height and published decision height has to be limited to a maximum value.

the calculated true air speed (TAS) is based on the standard atmosphere and any significant differences will lead to an approach speed which could be too slow or too fast.

What is the difference between the on-board navigation specifications RNP1 and RNAV1?

A performance-monitoring and alerting function is required for RNP 1 only.

A performance-monitoring function is required for bath RNP 1 and RNAV 1. An alerting function is only required for RNP 1.

An alerting function is required for bath RNP 1 and RNAV 1. A performance-monitoring function is only required for RNP 1.

A performance-monitoring and alerting function is required for RNAV 1 only.

From the selection below, choose a PBN procedure which is classified as a non-precision approach (NPA):

RNP approach to LNAV/VNAV minima.

RNAV 1, RNAV 2, RNP 1 and RNP 2 routes can be modified by pilots:

by inserting or deleting waypoints in the database, in response to an ATC clearance.

manually, by inserting range and bearing to a new waypoint, in response to an ATC clearance.

manually, by inserting the geographical coordinates, in response to an ATC clearance.

by deleting or inserting waypoints in the navigation database or manually by inserting rho/theta values of the new waypoint.

PBN - RADIO NAVIGATION EASA 2022

Authored by Ngọc Bùi Thị Diệu

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MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

According to ICAO PBN Manual, the airspace concept has been developed in order to satisfy the following strategic objectives: safety, capacity, efficiency, environment and access. This is to be achieved by enhancements in:

Communications (COM)

Navigation (NAV)

Surveillance (SUR)

Air Traffic Management (ATM)

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

List the factors used to define area navigation (RNAV) or required navigation performance (RNP) system performance requirements:

accuracy, integrity, continuity, complexity

accuracy, continuity

accuracy, integrity

accuracy, integrity, continuity

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

List all components of performance-based navigation (PBN):

Navigation Specification and Navigation Application

Navigational Regulation, Navigation Specification and Navigation Application

Navigational Aid Infrastructure, Navigation Specification and Navigation Application

Navigational Aid Infrastructure and Navigation Specification

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is true about performance-based navigation (PBN)?

It is not sensor specific.

It requires the development of sensor-specific procedures and routes.

It is similar to conventional navigation; both require a ground-based infrastructure.

It is based on navigation specifications which are sensor specific.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

A PBN system cannot be based on:

GPS

NDB/DME

DME/DME

IRU

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

In the approach phases of flight, PBN accommodates:

angular laterally guided operations.

linear laterally guided operations.

both linear and angular laterally guided operations.

no laterally guided operations but only longitudinally guided operations.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

In oceanic/remote, en-route, and terminal phases of flight. PBN is limited to:

operations with angular lateral performance requirements and time constraints.

linear and angular laterally guided operations.

operations with linear lateral performance requirements and time constraints.

ILS/MLS/GLS approach and landing operations.

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