Established the doctrine of judicial review.  First time the supreme court declared an act of congress unconstitutional

• Brown v. Board of Education
• Roe v. Wade
• Gideon v. Wainwright
• Marbury v. Madison

Protected a womens right to abortion via her “right to privacy”

• Roe v. Wade
• Lawrence v. Texas
• Griswold v. Connecticut
• Planned Parenthood v. Casey

Concluded that the First Amendment does not protect speech that approaches creating a clear and present danger of a significant evil that Congress has power to prevent.

• Schenck v. United States
• Brandenburg v. Ohio
• Tinker v. Des Moines
• Texas v. Johnson

what court case ruled: The First Amendment does not protect speech that is designed to undermine the United States in war by fueling sedition and disorder.

• New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)
• Abrams v. United States (1919)

• Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)
• Texas v. Johnson (1989)

what court case ruled: The Commerce Clause gives Congress authority over interstate navigation.

• Gibbons v. Ogden
• Roe v. Wade
• Brown v. Board of Education
• Marbury v. Madison

what court case ruled: States cannot interfere with the federal government when it uses its implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause to further its express constitutional powers.

• Gibbons v. Ogden
• Brown v. Board of Education
• McCulloch v. Maryland
• Roe v. Wade

what court case ruled: Held that states did not have authority to impose regulations on Native American land.

• Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
• United States v. Kagama (1886)
• Oklahoma Tax Commission v. Citizen Band Potawatomi Indian Tribe (1991)
• McClanahan v. State Tax Commission of Arizona (1973)

What court case ruled: In a unanimous decision, the Supreme Court established that the Fourteenth Amendment creates a right for criminal defendants who cannot pay for their own lawyers to have the state appoint attorneys on their behalf.

• Miranda v. Arizona
• Argersinger v. Hamlin
• Gideon v. Wainwright
• Powell v. Alabama

What court case ruled: Under the Fifth Amendment, any statements that a defendant in custody makes during an interrogation are admissible as evidence at a criminal trial only if law enforcement told the defendant of the right to remain silent and the right to speak with an attorney before the interrogation started, and the rights were either exercised or waived in a knowing, voluntary, and intelligent manner.

• Gideon v. Wainwright
• Roe v. Wade
• Brown v. Board of Education
• Miranda v. Arizona

what court case ruled: The Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits states from segregating public school students on the basis of race. This marked a reversal of the "separate but equal" doctrine from Plessy v. Ferguson that had permitted separate schools for white and colored children provided that the facilities were equal.

• Loving v. Virginia
• Miranda v. Arizona
• Plessy v. Ferguson
• Brown v. Board of Education