What is a function of white blood cells?

• conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

• production of antibodies

• production of carbonic anhydrase

• transport of vitamins

The graph shows pressure changes in the left atrium, the left ventricle and the aorta during one complete cardiac cycle. At which points does the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle close and open?

• Close - 1

  Open - 4

• Close - 2

  Open - 3

• Close - 3

  Open - 4

• Close - 4

  Open - 1

Which two events occur at the same time during the cardiac cycle?

• Event 1: bicuspid valve closes

  Event 2: right ventricle contracts

• Event 1: left ventricle contracts

  Event 2: right atrium contracts

• Event 1: semi-lunar valves open

  Event 2:atria contract

• Event 1: tricuspid valve opens

  Event 2: bicuspid valve closes

Which row describes the heart valves when the left atrium is contracting?

• A

• B

• C

• D

A universal recipient can receive a blood transfusion from any of the four ABO blood groups. What is the blood group of a universal recipient?

• A

• B

• AB

• O

The graph shows pressure changes in the left atrium, the left ventricle and the aorta during one complete cardiac cycle. At which point does the aortic valve open?

• A

• B

• C

• D

The diagram shows a section through the human heart. Which row identifies the blood vessels containing blood at the lowest and highest pressures?

• 1) blood vessel with

  blood at the blood at the

  lowest pressure - 1

  2) blood vessel with

  blood at the blood at the

  highest pressure - 3

• 1) blood vessel with

  blood at the blood at the

  lowest pressure - 1

  2) blood vessel with

  blood at the blood at the

  highest pressure - 4

• 1) blood vessel with

  blood at the blood at the

  lowest pressure - 2

  2) blood vessel with

  blood at the blood at the

  highest pressure - 4

• 1) blood vessel with

  blood at the blood at the

  lowest pressure - 3

  2) blood vessel with

  blood at the blood at the

  highest pressure - 2

The graph shows pressure changes during one heart beat. Pressure changes are shown for the left atrium, for the left ventricle and for the aorta. At which points does the semilunar (aortic) valve open and close?

• A

• B

• C

• D