Lecture Notes: Immune System

What is the immune system? Fill in the blank: The immune system is the intricate network of _______, _______, and _______ that work together to protect the body from harmful foreign substances (pathogens), toxins, and abnormal cells (e.g., cancerous cells).

• cells, tissues, organs

• bones, muscles, nerves

• enzymes, hormones, vitamins

• veins, arteries, capillaries

Which of the following is NOT a branch of the immune system?

• Non-specific/innate/immediate immunity

• Specific/acquired/adaptive immunity

• Digestive immunity

• Both A and B are branches

Fill in the blank: The 1st line of defense without needing prior exposure, which recognizes common patterns on microbes, is called _______ immunity.

• non-specific/innate/immediate

• adaptive/acquired

• passive

• humoral

Fill in the blank: Highly specific immunity that targets particular pathogens, allergens, and toxins and remembers them for faster future response is called _______ immunity.

• specific/acquired/adaptive

• innate

• passive

• nonspecific

What is an antigen? Fill in the blank: Antigens are on the _______, _______, and _______; they activate antibody production.

• pathogens, allergens, toxins

• hormones, enzymes, vitamins

• cells, tissues, organs

• proteins, lipids, carbohydrates

What are antibodies also known as?

• Immunoglobulins

• Antigens

• Enzymes

• Hormones

What does APC stand for in the context of the immune system?

• Antigen presenting cells

• Adenosine phosphate complex

• Active protein carrier

• Autoimmune processing cell

Which type of immune cell kills infected and cancerous cells?

• T cell (T lymphocyte)

• B cell (B lymphocyte)

• Red blood cell

• Platelet

Professional APCs display both _______ and _______ molecules; they are important in the immune response.

• MHC class I, MHC class II

• CD4, CD8

• IgG, IgM

• Interleukin-2, Interleukin-4

What is the definition of the body's first line of defense in the immune system?

• The body's immediate and non-specific defense system that is always 'on' and ready to act, providing the first line of protection against a wide range of pathogens without needing prior exposure.

• The body's adaptive immune response that targets specific antigens.

• The process of producing antibodies after infection.

• The production of red blood cells.